{"id":143,"count":0,"description":"

\u00a0 Click here<\/a> for the recordings of the seminars 2025\/6<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Click here<\/a> for the recordings of the seminars 2024\/5<\/span><\/h1>\r\n\r\n
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Winter Semester 2025\/6\r\n<\/span><\/h1>\r\nDancing from the chair:\u00a0From motor empathy to social understanding<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDr. Vered Aviv |\u00a0<\/strong>Bezalel Academy of Art and Design<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAbstract:\r\n\r\nHumans are highly proficient at perceiving and interpreting movement of other human, yet individuals differ substantially in their neural and bodily responses to it. This lecture explores the cognitive and sensorimotor mechanisms recruited when spectators watch another person in motion, with a particular focus on viewing dance. We will examine how the visual system encodes complex movement sequences and how the observer\u2019s motor system becomes spontaneously engaged - even in the absence of overt action. Special attention will be given to the \u201cmirror-neuron system,\u201d a specialized group of motor cortical neurons active during both action execution and that \u201cmirrors\u201d the actions and behavior of others, and to current debates about the role of this system in social understanding and empathy. We will also consider how prior motor expertise and embodied experience shape spectators\u2019 identification with, and comprehension of, a dancer\u2019s movements, as well as our automatic tendency to attribute intentions to others. By highlighting both shared patterns and individual differences in neural and physiological responses to a moving dancer, the lecture will reveal how simply watching dance becomes a deeply embodied act in which perception, action, and emotion are inseparably intertwined - so much so that we often find ourselves \u201cdancing from the chair.\u201d\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\nClemence Paulin Pinel, Ben-Gurion University<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: The experimentality of Real-World Evidence Studies: Turning populations into value\r\n\r\nAbstract:\r\n\r\nIn January 2021, as the first vaccines were coming to the market, Israel signed an agreement with pharmaceutical company Pfizer. It guaranteed Israel the quick delivery of vaccines, while in exchange, the country committed to systematically collect and share medical statistics with Pfizer about the effectiveness of the vaccine and its sides effects on a population-scale. At the heart of this collaboration is the collection and analysis of \u2018Real-World Data\u2019 (RWD), a term commonly used to refer to routinely collected data relating to patients\u2019 health and the delivery of healthcare originating from a range of sources other than traditional clinical trials. RWD are increasingly used by regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies to produce evidence about medical interventions. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with Israeli public health officials, policy makers and statisticians involved in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, and borrowing Adriana Petryna\u2019s concept of \u2018experimentality\u2019 (2009), I critically unfold what enabled Israel to turn its population into experimental bodies from which data could be accumulated, traded and turned into value.\r\n\r\n
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David M. Greenberg, Cambridge University<\/strong>\r\nTitle<\/strong> - Music as Social Medicine: From Ancient Rituals to Modern AI<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Modern life\u2014shaped by constant smartphone use and digital communication\u2014has led to what many call a \u201cloneliness pandemic,\u201d a crisis of rising mental-health challenges and social division in Israel and around the world. I propose that part of the remedy lies in reviving the social mechanisms inherent in music, mechanisms that have been central to human culture since our earliest history. Rather than treating music solely as a source of individual pleasure and dopaminergic reward, we can return to its deep-seated function of stimulating systems linked to oxytocin, cortisol regulation, and the brain\u2019s language networks to foster human connection. I will introduce AI-driven diagnostic screening and therapeutic tools that analyze audio patterns to detect risk for social isolation and guide music-based interventions. This combination of social music-making and machine learning extends to applications in autism and broader neurodivergence, offering a vision of music as a modern form of social medicine.\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

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<\/h1>\r\n Prof. <\/span>Oded Rechavi<\/span><\/strong> from Tel-Aviv University | \u00a0\"Can memory be inherited, and what are the limits of the brain?\"<\/strong><\/span>\r\n

Abstract<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

In C. elegans nematodes, dedicated machinery enables transmission of small RNAs which regulate gene expression across multiple generations, independently of changes to the DNA sequence. Different environmental challenges, including exposure to starvation, genomic parasites, pathogens, and heat stress generate heritable small RNA responses, that in certain cases might be adaptive. Recently we have also shown that neuronal processes can produce small RNA-mediated heritable responses, and that the decisions that the progeny makes are affected by whether their ancestors experienced stress or not. I will discuss the underlying mechanisms, and the potential of small RNA inheritance to affect the worms\u2019 fate. Lastly, I will examine how these new findings might change our view of the process of evolution and the limits of inheritance and provide evidence that transgenerational inheritance of small RNAs occurs also in other, very different organisms.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Spring Semester 2025<\/span><\/h1>\r\nSpeaker: Dr. Daniel Marom, Technion\r\nTitle: A New Perspective on the Role of Humanities in the Education of Professionals\r\nVenue: Room 10, First Floor, Humanities and Arts Building\r\nAbstract: The overbearing weight of economic forces has created ruptures in the contract between society, professions, and higher education, thereby engendering crises in each of the three arenas. These crises offer an opportunity to reformulate the contract and give birth to a new and more fruitful alliance. Humanities can take a central role in this process if they reconceptualize their potential contribution to the education of professionals and reorient themselves to realizing it in practice. This claim will be shared and delineated in the seminar, based on insights from a decade long effort in the training of educational leaders in diverse professions including medicine, law, psychotherapy, social work, spiritual counselling and recently engineering.\r\n\r\nSpeaker:<\/strong> Prof. Andreas Blank, Alpen-Adria Universit\u00e4t Klagenfurt<\/span>\r\n

Title:\u00a0Hobbes, Pierre Nicole, and the Question of Dissimulation as Recognition<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\nAbstract:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nThis paper takes a comparative approach to a positive function that Thomas Hobbes and Thomas Nicole ascribe to dissimulation in personal relationships. In their view, dissimulating the negative judgements that we have about the personal qualities of others should not be seen as a lack of sincerity but rather can fulfill a positive function in social life. Following the norms of civility leaves the self-esteem of others intact, even when one does not believe their feelings of self-worth are well-founded. This attitude toward others can be understood as a kind of recognition in the sense of supporting the self-image of others and thereby respecting one of their most fundamental personal needs. However, Nicole goes beyond Hobbes in analyzing the detrimental effects that complaisance with self-related acts of imagination can have on social life. This can be seen in his treatment of the motivation of conquerors that strongly differs from Hobbes's attitude toward the politics of conquest. While Hobbes takes an adulatory attitude toward acts of conquest driven by inflated feelings of self-worth, Nicole is aware of the destructive effects of inflated self-esteem. Nicole\u2019s analysis of the limits of the usefulness of dissimulation leads him to develop a complementary conception of recognition based on an insight into shared human weakness.\r\n\r\nSpeaker:<\/strong>\u00a0Prof. Ron Aharoni, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, Technion<\/span>\r\n

Title:\u00a0The Cat That Isn\u2019t There<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\nThe question \u201cWhat is philosophy?\u201d is often considered a philosophical question in itself. It absolutely is not. Its meaning is: \u201cWhat characteristics of a discussion do we recognize as philosophical?\u201d\u2014a completely empirical question. The answer is to be found by observing philosophical discussions and the way we label certain discussions as such.\r\n\r\nIn the lecture, I will show that a discussion is perceived as philosophical if it deals with human thought, without separating that thought from the thinking that investigates it. The (necessary!) separation between the investigator and the investigated\u2014meaning the attribution of the problem to someone else, distinct from the one investigating\u2014eliminates any philosophical problem, or turns it into an ordinary question about reality.\r\n\r\nSpeaker:<\/strong>\u00a0Prof. Dori Derdikman, Technion<\/span>\r\n

Title:\u00a0The brain\u2019s cognitive map: where we were, where we are, and where we\u2019re going to<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\nPlace cells have been discovered more than 50 years, but are still an enigma. It is thought that they are useful to create an internal representation of where we are, termed the \"cognitive map\". In the lecture I will discuss several issues that bug me and my students, related to our cognitive map. First, the issue of how the cognitive map transforms from one environment to another. Second - How stable is the cognitive map, and what does that tell us about representations, and third, I will discuss preliminary results we have on the connection between the cognitive map and territoriality in the brain.\r\n\r\nSpeaker:<\/strong>\u00a0Prof. Ohad Parnes, Max Planck Institute\u00a0for the History of Science<\/span>\r\n

Title:\u00a0History of Science in the Age of Artificial Intelligence<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThis talk explores the relationship between the history of science and recent developments in artificial intelligence, with a particular focus on large language models. It offers a brief overview of major transformations in the field over the past fifty years and highlights some of the leading currents shaping the discipline today.\r\n\r\nRather than presenting AI solely as an object of critique, the talk considers how these technologies might also serve as resources for historical inquiry and conceptual experimentation. It argues that recent developments in AI not only raise new challenges for historical research but may also open up novel methodological possibilities\u2014tools that can contribute to a deeper understanding of both the history of science and the new technology.\r\n

\u00a0Speaker - Dr. Tzipora Rakedzon<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n Title: - F<\/strong>rom Rubrics to Robots: The Transformation of STEM Writing Instruction, Assessment and Research<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWriting is one of the most challenging language skills to master, yet it is essential for academic success. Therefore, many universities offer academic writing courses to support students and future researchers in effectively communicating and publishing their work. Similarly, science communication courses provide researchers with the skills to engage broader audiences and enhance the dissemination of their findings beyond their academic community. To maximize the effectiveness of such training, it is crucial to design and assess these courses carefully. Consequently, research in academic and science communication focuses on identifying the most effective ways to support researchers in developing their writing skills and evaluating the impact of various instructional approaches - a central focus of my work.\r\n\r\nIn this seminar, I will present my research on science communication and academic writing in STEM, situating it within the broader development of writing instruction, assessment, and research. To frame this discussion, I will trace the progression of assessment methods in pedagogy and research - from human-scored rubrics and standardized evaluations to computational approaches such as corpus linguistics, natural language processing (NLP), and machine learning (ML). These technological advancements have enabled large-scale writing analysis, paving the way for AI-driven assessment tools that provide real-time text generation and personalized feedback. By examining these developments, I will highlight how AI has been integrated into my work and the broader field, shaping the way STEM graduate students develop their communication skills and how their writing is assessed.\r\n\r\n

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Winter Semester 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr.\u00a0Topaz Halperin, Harvard University\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Connecting Abstract Models with Empirical Evidence: The Role of Interpretation<\/span>\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nHow can abstract theoretical models be meaningfully connected to empirical evidence? My work addresses this foundational question by investigating how biological models are applied in practice. In this talk, I will focus on the case study of kin selection models, which seek to explain the evolution of biological altruism. In these models, altruism is defined as behavior that benefits others at a reproductive cost. However, my findings reveal that applying these models empirically requires significant interpretation, particularly in attributing agency and causal responsibility to identify the \u2018altruistic\u2019 organism. I argue that these interpretations are often influenced by intuitions from the human domain, raising questions about whether empirical data can reliably distinguish biological altruism from parasitism. Ultimately, my work underscores the critical but often underappreciated role of interpretation in bridging abstract theory with empirical evidence.\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr.\u00a0Assaf Weksler\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Criterion Shifts and the Metaphysics of Sensory Experience<\/span>\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn the framework of Signal Detection Theory, participants tasked with reporting whether a stimulus is present compare the intensity of their internal sensory response to a predefined criterion. If the sensory response exceeds the criterion, they report \"stimulus present\"; if it falls below, they report \"stimulus absent.\" Criteria sometimes shift. For instance, research has shown that participants adopt a liberal criterion (compared to the default neutral one) in the periphery of the visual field, leading to over-reporting the presence of stimuli in that region\u2014an effect called \u2018inflation\u2019. Psychologists and philosophers of cognitive science debate how such criterion shifts should be interpreted. Are they experiential (in inflation, subjects have more experiences) or post-experiential (in inflation, subjects merely report the presence of stimuli more frequently without any change in experience)? The debate has significant implications for topics such as cognitive penetrability, the richness of phenomenology, blindsight, and scientific theories of consciousness. So far, the evidence presented in the debate has been purely empirical. In this talk I argue that the metaphysics of sensory experience bears on this issue. Specifically, I argue that Teleological Phenomenal Externalism\u2014the (metaphysical) view that an experience as of an F is constituted by a brain state whose function is to track Fs\u2014conflicts with the post-experiential interpretation of criterion shifts. Very roughly, the conflict is as follows. The post-experiential interpretation implies that, in detection tasks, neural responses falling below the criterion give rise to experiences and contribute to survival\/inclusive fitness by tracking the absence of a stimulus. In contrast, Teleological Phenomenal Externalism implies that, because these neuronal responses give rise to experiences, they contribute to survival\/inclusive fitness by tracking the presence of a stimulus. The argument leads to the construction of a new \u201cbridge\u201d linking the metaphysics of sensory experience with the scientific study of consciousness. It is possible to walk over the bridge in both directions, i.e., to use Teleological Phenomenal Externalism against the post-experiential interpretation of criterion shifts, or vice versa.\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\nSpeaker: Dr.\u00a0Matthew Perkins-McVey, Bar-Ilan University\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle:\u00a0Intoxication as Knowing and Making: Reimagining the History and Philosophy of the Bio-Medical Sciences<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWhat is so special about intoxication? No doubt, intoxicants steal into our hearts and minds, bending our perception and moving our bodies. But there is more to intoxication than first meets the eye. This presentation will discuss how potent intoxicants not only participated directly in a vast array of scientific investigations over the course of the long 19th century. It will explore how the powerful mind-states they induce represented an epistemically constitutive force in the emergence of the biological subject, making loose conceptual associations real in the experience of intoxicated knowing. Shockingly, scientific investigations featuring intoxicants further proved deeply influential for late-19th century philosophers and social theorists of the body, including Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, and Max Weber. Turning to the 20th century, this leaves many questions concerning how the concept of intoxicating substances may have directly affected the concept of neurochemical substances which intoxicate. Popular discourse surrounding neurotransmitters has come to dominate the representative lexicon of emotional life. Neurotransmitters have taken over our not only our brains, but our minds, our language, our ways of being a self. Music no longer excites; it \u2018gives you dopamine.\u2019 Here, I discuss how intoxication informed the ontology of a body and mind that run on soup, rather than sparks. In doing so, we gain insight into how drugs are defined in particular settings and how these definitional commitments inform their behaviour in the course of experimental investigation, engendering different kinds of bio-medical possibility. For all this can tell us about the emergence of modern bio-medical selfhood, it raises a burning question: if particular drugs have been so many things to so many people, what can history really tell us about a phenomenon mediated by \u2018hard\u2019 physiological processes, by proteins, membranes, and receptors? Peering through the annals of the 18th and 19th centuries, we catch glimpses of stimulating opiates and narcotizing stimulants. Looking to the future, I outline a bold new research program, one centred on the global history of discrete forms of intoxication. Uncovering divergent encounters with given intoxicants in Europe, East Asia, India, and the Near East, we begin to develop a sense of the profoundly historical dimension of intoxication, bringing these observations into conversation with modern neurochemical concepts.\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr Melanie Salvi, Humanities and Arts, Technion<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Infinity in nature: the relationship between finite modes and infinite Substance in Spinoza<\/span>\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn this presentation I discuss the problematic relationship between the finite and the infinite in Spinoza. While, finite things, modes, must be grounded in infinite Substance in some way, it appears that for Spinoza, only infinity can follow from infinity. The tension between these diverging claims is compounded with Spinoza\u2019s attribution of antithetical features to finite modes and infinite Substance. To address this problem, I introduce and evaluate three solutions which have been presented in the literature. The first is to deny the reality of modes; the second is to claim that two causal chains contribute to the production of finite modes in such a way that the infinite only causes the infinite, yet the causal activity of Substance is connected in a clear manner to the creation of finite things; finally, it is possible to give a description of modes in which they inherit the infinity of Substance while remaining finite in a relevant sense.\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\nSpeaker: Dr. Zeev Goldschmidt, Humanities and Arts, Technion<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle: The Norm of Assertion Is Not Epistemic<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nAbstract:\u00a0<\/strong>In this paper, I argue that the norm of assertion is not epistemic. I apply Schroeder\u2019s (2021) distinction between \u03d5-ing right and \u03d5-ing well to the case of assertion and consider the notion of asserting well \u2013 asserting permissibly with the right kind of motivation. The argument is composed of two parts. First, I demonstrate that if the norm of assertion is epistemic then asserting well requires one to be motivated to assert by facts about one\u2019s mental states. Second, I argue that asserting well cannot require this motivation, and therefore the norm of assertion is not epistemic.\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\nSpeaker: Dr Leora Sung, Humanities and Arts Technion<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle: Partiality Towards the Present\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMany philosophers think that caring more about the welfare of people to the extent that they are nearer to us in time is a reprehensible practice. The basic moral argument against a positive rate of pure time preference is that a person\u2019s place in time should not affect that person\u2019s moral status. However, we do not need to regard location in time as conferring on people extra or reduced moral status to justify partiality towards people nearer to us in time. If we have grounds to justify partiality towards people nearer to us in time, we would be morally permitted to care more about the welfare of present people, without conferring a reduced moral status on future people. I defend the position that we are morally permitted, or even morally required, to prioritise the needs of the present. Appealing to our tendencies to be biased towards the near future when it comes to our own interests, I argue that we are, at least, morally permitted to display near-future bias when it comes to the interests of others because of how this relates to our appropriate concern for them. This other-directed near-future bias justifies our partiality towards the present over the distant future, permitting us to prioritise the welfare of present people over the welfare of those to exist in the far-distant future. I also argue that given our partiality towards the present, there are specific agential costs associated with forgoing helping our contemporaries for the sake of the far-distant future, including a requirement to go against the widely accepted moral principle of treating others the way we would want to be treated ourselves. Finally, I address two potential objections: 1) the hinge of history hypothesis puts us in an exceptional position that requires us to abandon our partiality towards the present; and 2) the high axiological stakes introduced by a view known as \u201clongtermism\u201d means that whatever partiality towards the present is vastly outweighed by the goodness we can bring about through long-term interventions.\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr. Daniel A. Di Liscia, LMU Munich and Humanities and Arts Technion<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Concepts in Motion: Late Medieval Interdisciplinarity and the Rise of Modern Science\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAccording to the Aristotelian tradition, physics, mathematics, and metaphysics are three distinct speculative disciplines, each with its own approach and, especially, distinct objects of research. These disciplines cannot be combined without causing serious complications. However, Aristotle addresses the particular case of certain disciplines that derive their principles from pure mathematics but focus on natural objects; music, astronomy, and optics are typical examples, though for different reasons in each case. From the 13th century onward, these fields became collectively known as scientiae mediae, or \"middle sciences,\u201d as they are epistemologically situated somewhere between mathematics and physics. Galileo still referenced them in his Discorsi.\r\n\r\nWith this background, scholars have questioned whether the work of the \"calculators,\u201d which essentially involves the mathematization of motion, could be understood as a particular case of the middle sciences. Disappointingly, however, no definitive proof has yet been provided within this context. Nonetheless, the later development of this tradition clearly indicates that the concept of mathematizing motion evolved into a new discipline, later called the science of the latitude of forms (scientia de latitudinibus formarum).\r\n\r\nIn my talk, I will present several pieces of evidence for the historical fact that the inclusion of the text De latitudinibus formarum in university curricula paved the way for a new, geometry-based science of motion, which its proponents themselves identified as a scientia media. I will substantiate this argument with both texts I have previously cited in my published works and others that have, until now, remained unknown.\r\n\r\n
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Spring Semester 2024<\/span><\/h1>\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr. Enrico Piergiacomi, Humanities and Arts, Technion<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Infinite Scepticism: Digital Atomism and the Case Study of Metrodorus of Chios\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDemocritus\u2019 pupil Metrodorus of Chios (4th century BC) is ascribed with embracing seemingly contradictory perspectives according to ancient sources. While he exhibited an extremely sceptical stance on epistemology, asserting that \u00abnone of us knows anything, and not even this, whether we know it or do not know it\u00bb, he simultaneously endorsed scientific doctrines in the realm of physics, such as atomism, the infinitude of the universe, and a mechanistic explanation for natural phenomena.\r\n\r\nThis apparent schism between his views on physics and epistemology raises the question of why Metrodorus felt justified in making assertions about the nature and processes of the world despite his profound epistemic scepticism. This paper aims to propose that Metrodorus paradoxically based his sceptical outlook on atomism.\r\n\r\nIn another fragment, Metrodorus posited that the causes of things and events are infinite, suggesting that every finite entity has both a physical foundation and a transcendent source of existence. This idea of infinitude serves as the grounding for both the continuous infinite changes observed in experience (qualitatively and quantitatively) and the justification for epistemic doubt. If the causes of an event are infinite and the human mind is finite, our understanding can only capture a fraction of the causal spectrum beyond any given phenomenon. In other words, truth remains indeterminate.\r\n\r\nThis hypothesis also elucidates why Metrodorus doubted whether we truly ignore something, namely that we may unknowingly possess knowledge. The enigmatic statement \u00abwhether we know it or do not know it\u00bb could imply that we have possibly discerned the causes of a particular phenomenon within the infinite causal spectrum. However, we may be oblivious to this knowledge due to the overwhelming nature of infinitude.\r\n\r\nIn conclusion, I propose that Metrodorus\u2019 sceptical epistemology and atomistic physics were interconnected in an unconventional manner. The concept of infinitude serves as a natural premise leading to a tentative and indeterminate perspective on nature, subject to constant revision as more infinite causes of reality are comprehended.\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Prof. Oded Ezer, Holon Institute of Technology \u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: The Intersection of the Art of Typography, Technology, and Human Experience\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn this seminar, I will provide insights into the core creative concepts and methodologies behind integrating typography, fiction, and contemporary visual practices. The seminar will start with a brief history of typography and include descriptions and examples of my professional and creative work. I will also explore potential collaborative opportunities and future projects. My goal is to inspire interdisciplinary collaborations that blend artistic methods with fields such as cognition, computer science, biotechnology, mathematics, education, data and decision sciences, physics, and engineering to enhance experimental narratives. I will showcase the potential for innovative joint projects and encourage discussions on new interdisciplinary partnerships.\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr. David Manheim, Humanities and Arts, Technion<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Cooperating with Stochastic Parrots\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nLarge Language Models are a significant new technology both technologically and socially, but what they are, exactly, and how we should view them now and as they become more sophisticated and integrated into social and business interactions in the near-term is still unclear. After reviewing what LLMs are, and why they are considered \"Stochastic Parrots\" by some experts, this talk will first make a case that cooperation is a relevant concept for interacting with these models, even if they are not moral actors. Following this, the presentation will consider whether the characterization as stochastic parrots is reasonable from the perspectives of computational complexity and theory of mind, and raise some of the questions related to whether they should be considered moral actors, specifically regarding agency, intent, and consciousness. It will conclude with some thoughts on critical open questions for if and when they are considered moral actors socially, ethically, and societally.\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr. Eliyahu Keller,\u00a0Architecture and Town Planning, Technion<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: On Architectural Origins and Ends: Raimund Abraham\u2019s Birth of Architecture\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nStories of the origin of architecture are more than mere tales. Rather, they are textual, visual, and representational devices not only of what architecture, as a profession and a discipline, aspires to be, but of the world in which architecture operates, the subjects\u2014whether architect or user\u2014 it imagines, and the kind of culture which it sought, in retrospect, to construct around and by virtue of itself. By depicting an origin against which architecture is established, such stories seek to legitimize, concretize, and give meaning to all architectural acts that followed that once primordial act.\r\n\r\nEqually intriguing, yet scarcely investigated in comparison to architecture\u2019s imaginary beginnings, are the tales and images of architecture\u2019s end. Indeed, it could be argued that to imagine the ultimate demise of a discipline so self-preoccupied, if not obsessed with its own beginnings, would constitute a contradiction in terms. And yet, as literary scholar Frank Kermode noted, if we are to understand our place in the middle, one must take into account not only how a thing begins but how it emphatically terminates. If the origins of architecture, then, are to have a function within the discipline\u2019s story, and if the discipline itself is to have a future, then a certain formation of architecture must come to an end.\r\n\r\nMy lecture will the entanglement of architecture\u2019s origins and ends through a reading of several noted architectural origin myths against a more recent work that belongs to this tradition: the last published work of the Austrian-born visionary draftsmen and architect, Raimund Abraham, titled \u2018The Birth of Architecture\u2019 (2009). Building on the extant literature and countless interpretations surrounding the history of architectural origin myths, as well as an exploration of Abraham\u2019s career and personal history, I will posit Abraham\u2019s drawing as the conclusion to the origins coming out of the Enlightenment and their conception of architecture\u2019s relationship to nature. Out of this examination, Abraham\u2019s Birth of Architecture emerges not only as the ultimate conclusion to the centuries-old Western story of nature\u2019s subjugation but the first chapter in a future history of architecture that emerges from a recognition of the destruction that has been demanded by human progress; an origin story for an architecture in a world in which the traditional conception of nature no longer exists.\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr. Maayan Tsadka<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Acoustic Ecology and how to expand our hearing\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nComing from a practice of music composition, sound and field recording, I will share some of my practices\/thoughts about using microphones, technology and listening techniques\u00a0as means for augmenting our hearing\/listening\/perception.\r\n\r\nI will\u00a0share some of my creative projects and perspectives from the growing field of acoustic ecology and the use of sound recording as a research and creative tool.\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr. Nir Ofek, Network Biology Research Lab, Technion\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>:\u00a0The Feedback Loop of Synchrony: Emergence in Group Dynamics and Its Influential Effects\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSynchrony is the phenomenon where individuals within a group exhibit simultaneous, coordinated behavior. In this talk, I will present our ongoing research: how synchrony impacts individual identity transformation and its significance for resilience and social cohesion. To\u00a0understand how synchrony emerges, we will present our further approach to identify the role of different connectivity setup\u2014close-loop versus open-loop\u2014in facilitating or hindering group synchrony.\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr. Orit Wolf, Humanities and Arts, Technion<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: The Art of \"Cadenza\" Writing for Classical Concerto - from Mozart and Beethoven's Era up to the 21st century\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe \"Cadenza\" is perhaps the most precious part of the concerto from the classical era, where composers such as Mozart and Beethoven enabled the soloist to express virtuosity and reflections upon the thematic material of the given musical text. \u00a0This was an opportunity for the soloist to play alone while the orchestra was silent. While those classical Masters have offered their examples of cadenzas, they both emphasized the importance of the performer writing or improvising his\/ her own cadenza. \u00a0 Accordingly, \"Romantic\" style cadenzas composed for classical piano concertos have taken off the cadenza into new realms of daring and creativity. There is a rich tradition spanning from the cadenzas written by Clara Schumann, Busoni, and Brahms to the contributions of contemporary composers and improvisers. Strangely enough, during the 20th century, cadenza writing declined and suffered from over-conservativism. This prompts several critical questions for performers and scholars alike: Should we adhere to the cadenzas recommended by the original composers, or should we endeavor to create our own? What are the established conventions for composing or improvising a cadenza for a classical concerto?\r\n\r\nAdditionally, what stylistic approach should be employed: that of the original composer or a more modern or personally favoured style? \u00a0Which thematic materials should be incorporated, and in what manner? Is there a prescribed duration for the cadenza, or is it inherently a free-form structure? These questions are not only essential for a comprehensive understanding of the function of the cadenza but are also essential to shape future performance practice of modern cadenzas for classical concertos.\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\n

Winter Semester\u00a02024<\/span><\/h1>\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr. Christian Beck, Technion<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Into the Tension between Quantum Nonlocality and Relativistic Space-Time\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn this talk, I will give an overview of two rival aspects of two of our most fundamental physical theories, quantum theory and relativity. Quantum entanglement leads to nonlocal (superluminal) correlations between distant events. Bell\u2019s theorem establishes that these correlations cannot be explained by local common causes. But according to Einsteinian relativity, there is no absolute temporal order between such events; different \u201cobservers\u201d disagree on which occurs first. Hence, any explanation of the correlations in terms of \u201ccause\u201d and \u201ceffect\u201d would be relative to a frame of reference.\r\n\r\nTo guarantee that this tension between quantum nonlocality and relativity does not lead to inconsistencies, certain constraints are imposed on relativistic quantum theories (local commutativity) which guarantee that quantum nonlocality cannot be used to send signals faster than light (no-signalling). It is usually argued that the possibility of superluminal signals would give rise to causal paradoxes. I will demonstrate the basic scheme of such paradoxes and argue that - although having valid lines of argument \u2013 they appear to be too anthropocentric to base on them a fundamental physical principle. I will motivate another physical requirement, which I call relativistic consistency, which seems to be better suited than no-signalling but implies the latter.\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr. Nir Fresco, Ben Gurion University of the Negev<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Miscomputation as Malfunction in the Computational Sciences of Mind and Brain\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMiscomputation is a deviation from a norm that is set for artificially designed physical systems (e.g., desktops and smartphones), but also for species and organisms. When a system miscomputes, it computes a different mathematical function g<\/em>, rather than the function, f<\/em>, which is the norm (i.e., there exists at least one input ix such that g(i<\/em>x) \u2260 f(i<\/em>x)<\/em>). Given the importance of miscomputation in any complete account of physical computation, few works have dealt with this phenomenon explicitly (e.g., Colombo, 2021; Dewhurst, 2014; Fresco & Primiero, 2013; Petricek, 2017; Piccinini, 2015; Primiero, 2020; Tucker, 2018). In contrast to artificial computing systems, there are no design specifications according to which the behaviour of a biological system can be classified as correct or incorrect. How then should miscomputation be construed in the computational sciences of mind and brain? Is any appeal to \u2018miscomputation\u2019 in these sciences merely instrumental? Is this usage aligned with how \u2018miscomputation\u2019 is used in computer science and engineering? These questions remain open. Surprisingly, most normative accounts of computation in the philosophical literature face a dilemma: either there is no such thing as miscomputation, or it cannot be explained.\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr.\u00a0Alik Pelman, Humanities and Arts, Technion<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Meta-Philosophy as Intellectual Peace-Making\r\n\r\nAbstract:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWhen faced with a philosophical controversy, philosophers normally tend to decide what view they are siding with, and then provide arguments for that view and against the competing ones. However, one can adopt a different stance, a meta-philosophical stance, and search instead for common \u2018building blocks\u2019 from which the different competing views can all be reconstructed. Such a set of building blocks allows the generation of a common logical space of possibilities, on which the different existing views can be located, and thus analysed, compared, and contrasted. In addition, such a \u2018map\u2019 reveals new possible views yet to be taken. The challenge, of course, is to come up with an appropriate set of building blocks for a given set of competing views. In this talk, I shall propose several such meta-philosophical analyses, applied to debates in the philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, environmental ethics, and metaphysics. We shall also witness that, once placing a set of different competing views on such a common \u2018map\u2019, and thus gaining a more objective, impartial overall perspective, it often becomes less attractive to choose one side over the other, thereby fostering \u2018peace-making\u2019.\r\n\r\nI look forward to meeting you on Wednesday,\r\n

Speaker<\/strong>: Dr.\u00a0Ariel Furstenberg, Hebrew University<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/strong>: How committed are we to our intentions? From electrophysiology to free-will<\/p>\r\n

Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

In a famous philosophical paradox, Buridan's ass starves to death, because, placed equally between two identical stacks of hay, it cannot make up its mind whether to approach the right or the left haystack. We are faced daily with the need to pick between alternatives that are equally attractive (or not) to us.What are the processes that allow us to avoid paralysis and quickly choose between such equal options when there are no preferences or rational reasons to rely on?\u00a0This is an empirical question with significant philosophical implications regarding issues of intentionality, human agency, free will and self-control. In this talk, I will present experiments addressing this important phenomenon using measures of human behavior, electrophysiology and neural network modeling, and discuss the cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in the process of intention formation and execution, in the face of alternatives to choose from. Specifically, I will show results revealing the temporal dynamics of rapid intention formation and, moreover, \u2018change of intention\u2019 in a free choice picking scenario, in which the alternatives are on par for the participant. Furthermore, I will claim that arbitrary decisions, arguably based on a whim, are subject to similar control mechanisms as reasoned decisions. With these results in hand, I plan to discuss their conceptual implications, focusing primarily on the notions of intention, reasons and causes and their ensuing conceptual change. This discussion proposes a refinement of broader conceptions encompassing human agency, free will, and self-control.<\/p>\r\n

Speaker<\/strong>: Dr. Daniel Grimmer, University of Oxford<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/strong>: In Search of New Spacetimes: From Unofficially Humean Laws to a Kantian Spacetime<\/p>\r\n

Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

What, if any, can help us explain how nature facilitates the dynamical behavior of matter? One might attempt to answer this question via a straightforward metaphysical reading of our best physical theories. If taken literally, our best theories say that there exist things such as space, time, and laws of nature which govern the world's events and which give them a stage upon which to happen. But do we have to read our ontological commitments off of our theories so literally? Not every aspect of our best theories is taken so literally. For instance, given a theory described in one coordinate system, we have the mathematical tools to easily redescribe it in a wide variety of alternate coordinate systems (or even using no coordinates whatsoever). This strong capacity for coordinate redescription leads us to believe that coordinate systems are merely a representational artifact which we project onto the world as a means of organizing and codifying its regularities.<\/p>\r\n

But what if we could also redescribe our best physical theories using different laws of nature or as being set on different spacetime manifolds (e.g,. a Mobius strip vs a Euclidean plane)? What if we could do this just as easily as we can switch between different coordinate systems? In some recent work [1-3], I have shown that we can! In this talk I will argue that given this strong capacity for nomological and spatiotemporal redescription, we ought to adopt a (roughly) Humean view of the laws of nature and a (roughly) Kantian view of space and time. The laws of nature which appear in our best physical theories do not correspond to any active governing force out there in the world; Instead, the laws have the metaphysical relevance that they do only because they are a particularly nice way of systematizing the dynamical behavior of matter. Similarly, the spacetime manifold which appears in our best physical theories does not correspond to any sort of stage upon which the world's drama plays out; Instead, space and time have the metaphysical relevance that they do only because they are particularly nice ways of organizing and codifying the dynamical behavior of matter.<\/p>\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr. Alex Blum,\u00a0Max Planck Institute<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Inconsistency in Fundamental Physics\r\n\r\nAbstract:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nQuantum Field Theory is the foundation of the Standard Model of Particle Physics, our current best theory of microscopic matter and interactions. It has also been hailed as the numerically most precise theory in the history of science. Yet from its first construction in the late 1940s, the mathematical consistency of this theory was called into question and debated. In my talk, I will analyze the origins of these doubts, why they ultimately remained unresolved, and what they mean for the practice of fundamental physics and for the prospects of ultimately finding a final theory of \"everything\".\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr. Janina Wellmann,\u00a0Max Planck Institute Berlin<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Registering Life in Motion. A Challenge to the Sciences and Humanities\r\n\r\nAbstract:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMotion, previously marginalized, is now at the core of organic life. On the subcellular and molecular level, in the inner life of cells, where cargoes are delivered, molecules transported, and organelles displaced, movement turns out to be the root of all activity.\r\n\r\nComputer animations, high-resolution microscopy and mathematical simulation reveal the organism in maximal motion, but they are also the conditio sine qua non for a world of research that can no longer think, calculate, or experiment without moving images.\r\n\r\nIn my talk, I will investigate the consequences, which the new conception of life as constant becoming has for the sciences and humanities alike. I argue that not only does modern biotechnology face fundamental experimental, technological and conceptual challenges, and do the humanities provide tools and perspectives to contribute to their understanding, but also that these challenges can best be faced in dialogue and mutual enrichment.\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Dr. Guy Hetzroni, The Open University of Israel<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Einstein\u2019s Principle of Equivalence and the Empirical Basis for Theoretical Arguments\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>:\r\n\r\nThe interplay of empirical and theoretical considerations in contemporary fundamental physics poses various challenges to the philosophy of science. This talk will offer new reflections on these challenges, based on a new account of certain theoretical methods applied in Einstein\u2019s general theory of relativity and in particle physics.\r\n\r\nIn his early expositions of general relativity, Albert Einstein presented his principle of equivalence as an empirical observation extended and promoted to a fundamental principle that underlies the construction of the theory. The content of the principle, however, was soon brought into question together with its very validity in the theory. Einstein later abandoned this early presentation of the theory altogether. By the late 1920s he described the construction of the theory as indicating a radical break in theoretical physics, away from inductive reasoning and towards mathematically based patterns of reasoning and non-empirical guiding principles. In parallel, the philosophical reflections on the epistemological foundations of the theory shaped the fundamental divides in early 20th century philosophy of science. These debates are echoed in contemporary debates in the philosophy of physics on the epistemic status of theoretical virtues and principles, and the justification of theories based on them.\r\n\r\nIn this talk I will revisit the relation between the early debates and the current ones. The discussion will be based on the new \"methodological equivalence principle\", a suggested generalization of Einstein's principle from which the basic structure of general relativity, it is shown, can be derived in a way that maximizes the weight of empirically based considerations. \u00a0The same principle is then shown as underlying the applicability of the gauge argument in particle physics, similarly highlighting the role of empirical considerations and resolving worries related to the applicability of mathematics. \u00a0Finally, I'll argue that the two cases demonstrate the relevance of heuristic and methodological considerations to foundational questions in the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of science.\r\n\r\nSpeaker<\/strong>: Seth Goldwasser, University of Pittsburgh<\/span>\r\n\r\nTitle<\/strong>: Standard Aberration: Cancer Biology and the Modeling Account of Function\r\n\r\nAbstract<\/strong>:\r\n\r\nCancer biology features the ascription of normal functions to parts of cancers. At least some ascriptions of function in cancer biology track local normality of parts within the global abnormality of the aberration to which those parts belong. That is, cancer biologists identify as functions activities that, in some sense, parts of cancers are supposed to perform, despite cancers themselves having no purpose. This talk provides a theory to accommodate these normal function ascriptions\u2014I call it the Modeling Account of Normal Function (MA). MA comprises two claims. First, normal functions are activities whose performance by the function-bearing part contributes to the self-maintenance of the whole system and, thereby, results in the continued presence of that part. Second, MA holds that there is a class of models of system-level activities (partly) constitutive of self-maintenance members of which are improved by including a representation of the relevant function-bearing part and by making reference to some activity which that part performs, where that activity contributes to those system-level activities. I contrast MA with two other accounts that seek to explicate the ascription of normal functions in biology, namely, the organizational account and the selected effects account. Both struggle to extend to cancer biology. However, I offer ecumenical readings which allow them to recover some ascriptions of normal function to parts of cancers.\r\n

Speaker<\/u>: \u00a0Dr.\u00a0Lotem Elber-Dorozko,\u00a0Pittsburgh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u>:\u00a0How a philosophical definition of purpose in biology can help us identify good models in neuroscience<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

In recent years, a variety of neural network models have been extremely successful in predicting brain processes and behavior. Nonetheless, neuroscientists often disagree on whether these suggested models of cognitive capacities indeed capture essential properties of these capacities. In my talk I aim to clarify these debates by noting that attempts to understand cognitive capacities occur under the posit that the brain is a teleological system \u2013 a system that has (at least one) purpose. It seems undeniable that biological organisms have purposes; spiders build webs to catch pray and mice pups emit sounds to call their mom, for example. Even so, philosophers and scientists have debated for centuries how to define and assign such purpose and have not reached agreement.<\/p>\r\n

Although this teleological view of the brain is an essential part of neuroscience, the difficulties it raises are rarely explicitly invoked in scientific discourse. Considering teleology with relation to neuroscientific practice sheds light on the source of the inherent vagueness that surrounds the delineation of cognitive capacities. Furthermore, it suggests that neuroscientists cannot rely on prediction of behavior and brain processes alone to support their models. Instead, models of purposeful behavior should also be assessed relative to the history that caused the capacity to be brought forth. I take object recognition and recent convolutional neural networks models of this capacity as a case study to demonstrate these points and suggest several concrete ways in which neuroscientific practice can be amended.<\/p>\r\n

Speaker<\/u>: \u00a0Dr.\u00a0Hisham Abdulhalim,\u00a0Technion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u>: Denied by an (Unexplainable) Algorithm: Teleological Explanations for Algorithmic Decisions Enhance Customer Satisfaction<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Abstract:<\/p>\r\n

Automated algorithmic decision-making has become commonplace, with firms implementing either rule-based or statistical models to determine whether to provide services to customers based on their past behaviors and characteristics. In response, policymakers are pressing firms to explain these algorithmic decisions. However, many of these algorithms are \u201cunexplainable\u201d because they are too complex for humans to understand. Moreover, legal or commercial considerations often preclude explaining algorithmic decision rules. We study consumer responses to goal-oriented, or teleological, explanations, which present the purpose or objective of the algorithm without revealing mechanism information that might help customers reverse or prevent future service denials. In a field experiment with a technology firm and in several online lab experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of teleological explanations and identify conditions when teleological and mechanistic explanations can be equally satisfying.<\/p>\r\n

Whereas the epistemic value of explanations is well established, we study how explanations mitigate the negative impact of service denials on customer satisfaction. Yet in situations where companies do not want to, or cannot, reveal the mechanism, we find that teleological explanations create equivalent value through the justifications they may offer. Our results thus show that firms may benefit by offering teleological explanations for unexplainable algorithm behavior, positioning their firms as more ethical than others.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n

Spring semester 2023<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dr. Osvaldo Ottaviani, Technion<\/strong><\/span>\r\nTitle: What role do plants (and living beings) play in the philosophy of Leibniz?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Abstract:\r\nWithout being directly involved in botanical research, Leibniz has always had a strong interest in this subject, as well as all in many investigations about the nature of living beings. In some passages, he also claims that the inquiries of modern investigators (microscopists, anatomists, etc.) on the generation of plants and animals provided new insights not only on the structure of living beings and the universe, but also on the nature and \u00a0the constitution of souls and incorporeal substances. In my talk, I will try to answer the following question: in which sense Leibniz could say that the nature and structure of living beings is of the utmost importance to the establishment of his theory of simple substances or monads? I will move from some recently edited texts where Leibniz is concerned with the nature of some climbing plants, and the rejection of the theory of the spontaneous generation of plants and insects. In both cases, Leibniz defends the universality of the sexual reproduction of living beings (stressing the analogy between plants and animals), while, at the same time, maintaining that living beings are never generated mechanically by something which is not already organic. \u00a0Leibniz's account of life wants to keep together the following claims: 1) the rejection of spontaneous generation (because nothing organized can be generated from chaos or inorganic matter); \u00a02) the thesis of preformation of all organisms; and 3) their status of \u2018machines\u2019 endowed with an infinity of organs. Thus, Leibniz employs the research and observations of the moderns on the generation of insects, plants, and animals as an empirical confirmation of his metaphysical thesis on \u00a0the infinite complexity of the machines of nature. From the metaphysical point of view, the infinite composition of natural machines explains the sense in which each soul is able to express an infinite universe (like a living mirror of the universe, as Leibniz says).<\/p>\r\n

Dr. Assaf Marom,\u00a0Technion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u>: Anatomy education in the age of digital reproduction<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

Anatomy is a core subject among the basic sciences of medicine, which has been studied in medical schools through dissection ever since anatomy was established as a science several centuries ago. However, since the last quarter of the previous century anatomical education has been undergoing a process of transformation, mainly fueled by the development of medical imaging technology. Consequently, many medical schools have been modifying their courses to an imaging-based education, relying on computer software, medical images, and holograms, among others. While both traditional and imaging-based approaches to anatomical education have advantages and disadvantages, here I discuss the drawbacks of the new approach, arguing that the technological advances we witness provoke scientific, pedagogic, and ethical challenges that should be addressed before rushing to implement them.<\/p>\r\n

Dr. Daniel Kunzelmann (University of Basel)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title: Doing fieldwork with(in) surveillance architectures: methodological and ethical implications for digital researchers<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

Social media create seemingly transparent contexts of information. Comments, attitudes and attributions become (often) easily accessible to researchers. Not least for qualitative approaches, this provides an empirical treasure of data offering valuable insights into sometimes very intimate spheres of life.<\/p>\r\n

We might understand the virtual spaces in which such data are generated as architectures of surveillance that establish a specific regime of (in)visibility. This conceptual reframing raises some fundamental methodological and research ethics questions anew: Who is allowed to see (and know) for what purpose? And how may this knowledge be generated and disseminated?<\/p>\r\n

Using ethnographic material this lecture reflects on some of the challenges that scientists face while conducting research via social media. The main focus will be on the tension between the actors' wish (or need) for anonymity and a scientific standard that demands the disclosure and traceability of empirical material. A \"case-based approach\" is presented that makes it possible to uphold established research ethical standards and, at the same time, benefit from the potential of easily accessible material on social media<\/p>\r\n

Title: What Use was Science to Philosophy---and What Use is Philosophy\u2019s History to Science?<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

It is widely, though not universally believed that philosophy from certain periods is best understood by studying it in the context of the scientific discoveries and hypotheses that preoccupied its authors. I will give a few examples of how to read and misread classical texts in the history of philosophy \u2013Descartes, Leibniz, and Kant, who were essentially philosophers of nature-- by taking their scientific context into account. It is also widely, though not universally believed that scientists do not benefit from studying the history of philosophy. I would next like to challenge this view. After professional philosophy (inevitably) detached itself from professional science, many scientists lost the ethical orientation that had guided their predecessors. This orientation must be recovered if we are not to enter a scientific-technological dystopia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dr. Lior Arbel<\/a>,\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u>:\u00a0Music Technology \u2013 Bottom Up<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

Can electric guitars, synthesizers and Spotify really be the focus of serious academic research? Yes! In this talk we will take a bottom-up look on the academic discipline of music technology. We\u2019ll start with an overview of Lior Arbel\u2019s work \u2013 the invention and research of several musical instruments, software and hardware. We\u2019ll see how music technology research blends engineering, computer science, human-computer interaction and social sciences. We\u2019ll go on to describe the international music technology discipline and glance at its current state in Israel, or lack thereof.<\/p>\r\n

Yoav Beirach<\/strong> | Department of Humanities and Arts<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u><\/p>\r\n

Pitch, Tone, System:\u00a0 Explaining the Disappearance of the 'Science of Music' in Late 17th<\/sup> Century Europe<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u><\/p>\r\n

It is a remarkable fact that almost every important figure of the scientific revolution - including Galileo, Bacon, Kepler, Gassendi, Descartes, Mersenne, Huygens, Newton, and Leibniz \u2013 had devoted intense research, debate, and publication, to the mathematical study of music, and yet that this field of research virtually disappeared off the face of the earth after 150 years. \u00a0How come all mathematical research on the nature of music in Europe ended almost abruptly by the end of the 17th<\/sup> century? My talk will present a few different answers to this puzzle, and will discuss how they relate to each other. It begins by clarifying what does it mean at all to practice a mathematical science of music<\/em>, and what could it have meant in 16th<\/sup> and 17th<\/sup> Century Europe. This brings to the front how the relationship between practice and theory in music is far more intricate and alluding than one might expect. I will argue that the canonization of the equalized 12-tone system during the 18th<\/sup> century relates to the newly forming science of acoustics, and will show how both could have taken part in forming an idea and practice that condition and govern our most fundamental conceptions and perceptions of music and tonality to this day.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n

Winter semester 2023<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dr. Jonathan Najenson, Technion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u><\/p>\r\n

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) Revisited: Reconsidering the Explanatory Power of Synaptic Efficacy<\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

Changes in synaptic strength are described as a unifying hypothesis for memory formation and storage, leading philosophers to consider the \"synaptic efficacy hypothesis\" as a paradigmatic explanation in neuroscience. However, in Craver's mosaic view, while synaptic efficacy plays a unifying role by integrating diverse fields within a hierarchical mechanism, it does not have explanatory power across distinct memory types. In this talk, I will show how the mechanistic approach can accommodate the explanatory power of this hypothesis by examining its role across different mechanistic hierarchies, which in turn supports the idea of unification.<\/p>\r\n

Dr. Oren Bader,\u00a0Technion; Heidelberg\u00a0University Hospital.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

Neurophenomenology as a research program \u2013 Bridging the gap between philosophy and neuroscience\u00a0(Abstract below).<\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

Francisco Varela coined the term Neurophenomenology (NP) to suggest a research area that combines phenomenology \u2013 the philosophical study of the structures of subjective experiences with scientific investigations into their underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. Although Varela introduced the concept of NP over 20 years ago, only a\u00a0\u00a0few attempts were made to implement this unique approach in concrete studies. In this talk, I\u2019ll discuss the benefits and limitations of an integrated philosophical and scientific research program for studying subjective experiences by reviewing results from a recent NP study on intergroup empathy. Specifically, I\u2019ll ask can naturalizing phenomenology help bridge the gap between empirical investigations and philosophical approaches and what can be achieved when designing hybrid research.<\/p>\r\n

Prof. Emmanuel Farjoun<\/a>\u00a0 Hebrew University<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<\/u><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

Exponential economic growth: Causes and Costs\u00a0(Abstract below).<\/p>\r\n

The talk is based on his recently published book \"How Labour powers the global economy<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 a labor theory of\u00a0capitalism\"\u00a0(coauthored by M. Machover and D. Zachariah).<\/p>\r\n

Abstract: In this talk, the basic drive of the Capitalist economy to grow will be reduced to basic labor consideration,\u00a0conservation and measures.\u00a0The limits of this growth will be explained: Both lower and upper\u00a0bounds are explored.<\/p>\r\n

Real monetary prices do not faithfully reflect social-economic causes and costs. A deeper analysis is needed. Its main tool is a probabilistic reduction of the apparent, easy-to-observe money costs, capital costs, and natural resources cost to labor inputs. These are measured simply by hours of work and are somewhat harder to trace. Labor inputs, in turn, reflect much deeper social-economic realities. The implications, under the present system, to the ecological and the human-social future are shown to be grave. Ways to overcome these grave and inevitable implications will be discussed.<\/p>\r\n

Prof. \u00a0Elay Shech<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u>:\r\nScientific Understanding, Modal Reasoning, and (Infinite) Idealization<\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

One of the main goals of science is to provide understanding. Yet, the use of idealizations and abstraction in science, which are falsehoods of sorts, is ubiquitous. How can science afford understanding in light of idealizations? How can falsity allow us to understand that truth? In this talk, I attempt to make some headway in answering such questions.<\/p>\r\n

Specifically, by appealing to resources found in the scientific understanding literature, I identify in what senses idealizations afford understanding in the context of the (magnetic) Aharonov-Bohm effect. Using this example, which appeals to infinite idealizations, I will suggest that idealizations facilitate modal reasoning in a manner that is essential for understanding both scientific theory and what some phenomenon is supposed to be in the first place.<\/p>\r\n

Prof . Aviram Rosochotsky (Tel Aviv University)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u><\/p>\r\n

Relationism in Shape Dynamics<\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

Relationism is a philosophical view according\u00a0to which\u00a0motion consists solely in changes to position relations between material bodies. Consequently, it rules out absolute motions \u2013 those that take place with respect to space and time which (supposedly) exist independently of matter. In my talk I'll show how Barbour and Bertotti (1982) were able to create a modification of Newton's theory of gravity which is compatible with the relationist view of motion using a theoretical device called best-matching. I will then review the treatment of motion in Shape Dynamics, which is the generalization of Barbour and Bertotti's\u00a0approach in a relativistic context. The comparison between the revisions of Newtonian gravity and General Relativity will show\u00a0interesting differences.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n

Winter + Spring semester 2022<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Prof. \u00a0Omer Einav (Molad).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u><\/p>\r\n

Defending the Goal: Football and the Relations between Jews and Arab in Mandatory Palestine, 1917-1948<\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

My research uses the periodization of the Mandate in analyzing relations between the Zionist and Palestinian national movements, in the socio-cultural context. As a research tool, that context with its diverse aspects has been used in recent years as a field for exploring the dynamic created in Mandatory Palestine, between the two societies that lived there, and as a reflection of nationalist aspects at the heart of existing historiography. The focus is the game of football, through which a distinctive angle an attempt is made to examine the development and traits of relations between Jews and Arabs<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n

Dr. Lotem Elber-Dorozko (Technion) and Arnon Levy (Hebrew University).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u><\/p>\r\n

What is so good about being optimal? On appeals to optimality in the cognitive sciences<\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

Models in cognitive science often describe people\u2019s behavior as optimal. What are the motivations for such descriptions? We discuss three \u2013 empirical, methodological, and conceptual. The first involves a claim about the power of natural selection, namely that it can be expected to lead many cognitive capacities to be performed optimally, in the sense that they maximize fitness. On this view, appeals to optimality have explanatory value in virtue of background assumptions about evolution. However, we present several interrelated reasons to question the claim that cognitive capacities maximize fitness.<\/p>\r\n

Alternatively, optimal models may serve as a good first approximation for the behavior. We suggest that it is more accurate to consider optimal models as idealizations, because \u2018approximation\u2019 suggests that the model can be brought closer (often, arbitrarily closer) to reality, and this does not hold for most cognitive models. It is an open question what can be learned from optimality-based models, construed as idealizations.<\/p>\r\n

Finally, we consider a conceptual motivation for viewing people as optimal. Here, the idea is that optimality is part of an attempt to \u201cmake sense of the organism\u201d, to rationalize its behavior. We accept that such a perspective is important, perhaps indispensable in studying minds. But we urge caution about tying it to the notion of optimality or to strong notions of rationality.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n

Dr. Sharon Bassan<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u><\/p>\r\n

A Proportionality-Based Framework for Government Regulation of Digital Tracing Apps in Times of Emergency<\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u>:<\/p>\r\n

Times of emergency present an inherent conflict between the public interest and the preservation of individual rights. Such times require granting emergency powers to the government on behalf of the public interest and relaxing safeguards against government actions that infringe rights. The lack of theoretical framework to assess governmental decisions in times of emergency leads to a polarized and politicized discourse about potential policies, and often, to public distrust and lack of compliance.<\/p>\r\n

Such a discourse was evident regarding Digital Tracing Apps (\u201cDTAs\u201d), which are apps installed on cellular phones to alert users that they were exposed to people who tested positive for COVID-19. DTAs collect the most sensitive types of information, such as health-related and location or proximity information, which violates the right to privacy and the right to be free of surveillance. This sensitive information is normally legally protected. But in emergencies there are no legal restrictions limiting the collection of such data. The common privacy-law approach supports DTA implementation under the condition that the technology preserves the privacy of users. But this Article suggests that the privacy approach focuses on micro considerations and under-addresses the implications of DTA-based policy. Instead, this Article suggests rethinking DTA implementation during COVID-19 through the doctrine of proportionality. Often used by European Union courts in areas where decisions entail meaningful implications to individual rights, the doctrine offers a clear and workable normative evaluation of tradeoffs in a more nuanced, explicable, and transparent way. Highlighting macro considerations, the doctrine of proportionality suggests that 1) DTA-based policy is less proportionate compared to traditional contact-tracing methods; 2) policies created while relying on smartphones are inequitable and biased; and 3) the sharing of sensitive personal information with private companies will have irreversible social surveillance implications. Additionally, the proportionality method not only provides a flexible methodological tool to evaluate government decisions in times of emergency but also offers an opportunity to examine how governments achieve and justify the acceptance and assimilation of new technological policy measures, which may take societies in new directions.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n

Dr. Paula Reichert (LMU M\u00fcnchen)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u>\r\nWhy does time have a direction?<\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u><\/p>\r\n

This talk discusses the physical origin of time directionality. In nature we observe irreversible (i.e. time-directed) processes, like the breaking of an egg, diffusion through cell membranes, and so on, despite the fact that all the fundamental laws of physics are time-symmetric. How can this apparent paradox be resolved? We discuss how macroscopic time asymmetry can be grounded on time-symmetric microscopic laws by means of a typicality argument based on special initial conditions. This demand for a special initial condition thrusts the origin of time asymmetry back in time towards the beginning of the universe. In this context, we discuss how modern cosmology seeks to explain the origin of time directionality via a time-symmetric one past \u2013 two futures scenario where the Big Bang provides merely a special instant, a Janus point, in an otherwise eternal universe.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n

Professor Omri Barak (Technion)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u><\/p>\r\n

Understanding the brain with models we don't understand<\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u><\/p>\r\n

I will present the common manner in which computational models are used in neuroscience, and then an alternative that combines machine learning, reverse engineering and dynamical systems.\u00a0The talk will touch upon questions such as \"What defines a good model?\", \"How should we compare models to data?\" and more.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n

Dr. Alik Pelman (Technion), Dr.Alon\u00a0Shepon (TAU), Dr.Jerke de Vries (Van Hall Larenstein), Dr.Sigal Teper\u00a0(Tel-Hai)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title<\/u><\/p>\r\n

What is the Most Environmental (Healthy) Nutrition? Comparing a case study of self-sufficient farming to common industrial alternatives<\/p>\r\n

Abstract<\/u><\/p>\r\n

Providing food security to feed a growing population with reduced environmental impacts and resilient to climate change is an ongoing challenge. Here, we detail a low-input subsistence Mediterranean agroforestry system that is based on traditional annual crop rotation and perennial shrubs and trees and provides adequate nutritional supply with limited labor and using reduced land and on-site water resources. Our records span a 9 year time period in which 0.1 of hectare provided a balanced diet to the producing farmer, in effect closing a full farm-table-farm cycle,\u00a0with no synthetic fertilizers or herbicides and with zero waste. Situated within a semi-arid region that is a climate change \u2018hotspot\u2019 this food system serves as a case study to further examine food production systems that provide healthy diets with lower environmental impacts and greater agrobiodiversity and resilience than conventional industrial farming practices and even organic ones.<\/p>","link":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/courses\/archive-seminars\/","name":"Seminars (Including recordings of the seminars)","slug":"archive-seminars","taxonomy":"course_cat","parent":0,"meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u05d0\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df Seminars (Including recordings of the seminars) - \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/courses\/archive-seminars\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u05d0\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df Seminars (Including recordings of the seminars) - \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0 Click here for the recordings of the seminars 2025\/6 Click here for the recordings of the seminars 2024\/5 Winter Semester 2025\/6 Dancing from the chair:\u00a0From motor empathy to social understanding Dr. Vered Aviv |\u00a0Bezalel Academy of Art and Design Abstract: Humans are highly proficient at perceiving and interpreting movement of other human, yet individuals differ substantially in their neural and bodily responses to it. This lecture explores the cognitive and sensorimotor mechanisms recruited when spectators watch another person in motion, with a particular focus on viewing dance. We will examine how the visual system encodes complex movement sequences and how the observer\u2019s motor system becomes spontaneously engaged – even in the absence of overt action. Special attention will be given to the \u201cmirror-neuron system,\u201d a specialized group of motor cortical neurons active during both action execution and that \u201cmirrors\u201d the actions and behavior of others, and to current debates about the role of this system in social understanding and empathy. We will also consider how prior motor expertise and embodied experience shape spectators\u2019 identification with, and comprehension of, a dancer\u2019s movements, as well as our automatic tendency to attribute intentions to others. By highlighting both shared patterns and individual differences in neural and physiological responses to a moving dancer, the lecture will reveal how simply watching dance becomes a deeply embodied act in which perception, action, and emotion are inseparably intertwined – so much so that we often find ourselves \u201cdancing from the chair.\u201d Clemence Paulin Pinel, Ben-Gurion University Title: The experimentality of Real-World Evidence Studies: Turning populations into value Abstract: In January 2021, as the first vaccines were coming to the market, Israel signed an agreement with pharmaceutical company Pfizer. It guaranteed Israel the quick delivery of vaccines, while in exchange, the country committed to systematically collect and share medical statistics with Pfizer about the effectiveness of the vaccine and its sides effects on a population-scale. At the heart of this collaboration is the collection and analysis of \u2018Real-World Data\u2019 (RWD), a term commonly used to refer to routinely collected data relating to patients\u2019 health and the delivery of healthcare originating from a range of sources other than traditional clinical trials. RWD are increasingly used by regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies to produce evidence about medical interventions. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with Israeli public health officials, policy makers and statisticians involved in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, and borrowing Adriana Petryna\u2019s concept of \u2018experimentality\u2019 (2009), I critically unfold what enabled Israel to turn its population into experimental bodies from which data could be accumulated, traded and turned into value. David M. Greenberg, Cambridge University Title – Music as Social Medicine: From Ancient Rituals to Modern AI Abstract Modern life\u2014shaped by constant smartphone use and digital communication\u2014has led to what many call a \u201cloneliness pandemic,\u201d a crisis of rising mental-health challenges and social division in Israel and around the world. I propose that part of the remedy lies in reviving the social mechanisms inherent in music, mechanisms that have been central to human culture since our earliest history. Rather than treating music solely as a source of individual pleasure and dopaminergic reward, we can return to its deep-seated function of stimulating systems linked to oxytocin, cortisol regulation, and the brain\u2019s language networks to foster human connection. I will introduce AI-driven diagnostic screening and therapeutic tools that analyze audio patterns to detect risk for social isolation and guide music-based interventions. This combination of social music-making and machine learning extends to applications in autism and broader neurodivergence, offering a vision of music as a modern form of social medicine. Prof. Oded Rechavi from Tel-Aviv University | \u00a0“Can memory be inherited, and what are the limits of the brain?” Abstract In C. elegans nematodes, dedicated machinery enables transmission of small RNAs which regulate gene expression across multiple generations, independently of changes to the DNA sequence. Different environmental challenges, including exposure to starvation, genomic parasites, pathogens, and heat stress generate heritable small RNA responses, that in certain cases might be adaptive. Recently we have also shown that neuronal processes can produce small RNA-mediated heritable responses, and that the decisions that the progeny makes are affected by whether their ancestors experienced stress or not. I will discuss the underlying mechanisms, and the potential of small RNA inheritance to affect the worms\u2019 fate. Lastly, I will examine how these new findings might change our view of the process of evolution and the limits of inheritance and provide evidence that transgenerational inheritance of small RNAs occurs also in other, very different organisms. Spring Semester 2025 Speaker: Dr. Daniel Marom, Technion Title: A New Perspective on the Role of Humanities in the Education of Professionals Venue: Room 10, First Floor, Humanities and Arts Building Abstract: The overbearing weight of economic forces has created ruptures in the contract between society, professions, and higher education, thereby engendering crises in each of the three arenas. These crises offer an opportunity to reformulate the contract and give birth to a new and more fruitful alliance. Humanities can take a central role in this process if they reconceptualize their potential contribution to the education of professionals and reorient themselves to realizing it in practice. This claim will be shared and delineated in the seminar, based on insights from a decade long effort in the training of educational leaders in diverse professions including medicine, law, psychotherapy, social work, spiritual counselling and recently engineering. Speaker: Prof. Andreas Blank, Alpen-Adria Universit\u00e4t Klagenfurt Title:\u00a0Hobbes, Pierre Nicole, and the Question of Dissimulation as Recognition Abstract:\u00a0 This paper takes a comparative approach to a positive function that Thomas Hobbes and Thomas Nicole ascribe to dissimulation in personal relationships. In their view, dissimulating the negative judgements that we have about the personal qualities of others should not be seen as a lack of sincerity but rather can fulfill a positive function in social life. Following the norms of civility leaves the self-esteem of others intact, even when one does not believe their feelings of self-worth are well-founded. This attitude toward others can be understood as a kind of recognition in the sense of supporting the self-image of others and thereby respecting one of their most fundamental personal needs. However, Nicole goes beyond Hobbes in analyzing the detrimental effects that complaisance with self-related acts of imagination can have on social life. This can be seen in his treatment of the motivation of conquerors that strongly differs from Hobbes’s attitude toward the politics of conquest. While Hobbes takes an adulatory attitude toward acts of conquest driven by inflated feelings of self-worth, Nicole is aware of the destructive effects of inflated self-esteem. Nicole\u2019s analysis of the limits of the usefulness of dissimulation leads him to develop a complementary conception of recognition based on an insight into shared human weakness. Speaker:\u00a0Prof. Ron Aharoni, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, Technion Title:\u00a0The Cat That Isn\u2019t There Abstract:\u00a0 The question \u201cWhat is philosophy?\u201d is often considered a philosophical question in itself. It absolutely is not. Its meaning is: \u201cWhat characteristics of a discussion do we recognize as philosophical?\u201d\u2014a completely empirical question. The answer is to be found by observing philosophical discussions and the way we label certain discussions as such. In the lecture, I will show that a discussion is perceived as philosophical if it deals with human thought, without separating that thought from the thinking that investigates it. The (necessary!) separation between the investigator and the investigated\u2014meaning the attribution of the problem to someone else, distinct from the one investigating\u2014eliminates any philosophical problem, or turns it into an ordinary question about reality. Speaker:\u00a0Prof. Dori Derdikman, Technion Title:\u00a0The brain\u2019s cognitive map: where we were, where we are, and where we\u2019re going to Abstract:\u00a0 Place cells have been discovered more than 50 years, but are still an enigma. It is thought that they are useful to create an internal representation of where we are, termed the “cognitive map”. In the lecture I will discuss several issues that bug me and my students, related to our cognitive map. First, the issue of how the cognitive map transforms from one environment to another. Second – How stable is the cognitive map, and what does that tell us about representations, and third, I will discuss preliminary results we have on the connection between the cognitive map and territoriality in the brain. Speaker:\u00a0Prof. Ohad Parnes, Max Planck Institute\u00a0for the History of Science Title:\u00a0History of Science in the Age of Artificial Intelligence Abstract This talk explores the relationship between the history of science and recent developments in artificial intelligence, with a particular focus on large language models. It offers a brief overview of major transformations in the field over the past fifty years and highlights some of the leading currents shaping the discipline today. Rather than presenting AI solely as an object of critique, the talk considers how these technologies might also serve as resources for historical inquiry and conceptual experimentation. It argues that recent developments in AI not only raise new challenges for historical research but may also open up novel methodological possibilities\u2014tools that can contribute to a deeper understanding of both the history of science and the new technology. \u00a0Speaker – Dr. Tzipora Rakedzon Title: – From Rubrics to Robots: The Transformation of STEM Writing Instruction, Assessment and Research Abstract Writing is one of the most challenging language skills to master, yet it is essential for academic success. Therefore, many universities offer academic writing courses to support students and future researchers in effectively communicating and publishing their work. Similarly, science communication courses provide researchers with the skills to engage broader audiences and enhance the dissemination of their findings beyond their academic community. To maximize the effectiveness of such training, it is crucial to design and assess these courses carefully. Consequently, research in academic and science communication focuses on identifying the most effective ways to support researchers in developing their writing skills and evaluating the impact of various instructional approaches – a central focus of my work. In this seminar, I will present my research on science communication and academic writing in STEM, situating it within the broader development of writing instruction, assessment, and research. To frame this discussion, I will trace the progression of assessment methods in pedagogy and research – from human-scored rubrics and standardized evaluations to computational approaches such as corpus linguistics, natural language processing (NLP), and machine learning (ML). These technological advancements have enabled large-scale writing analysis, paving the way for AI-driven assessment tools that provide real-time text generation and personalized feedback. By examining these developments, I will highlight how AI has been integrated into my work and the broader field, shaping the way STEM graduate students develop their communication skills and how their writing is assessed. Winter Semester 2025\u00a0 Speaker: Dr.\u00a0Topaz Halperin, Harvard University\u00a0 Title: Connecting Abstract Models with Empirical Evidence: The Role of Interpretation Abstract How can abstract theoretical models be meaningfully connected to empirical evidence? My work addresses this foundational question by investigating how biological models are applied in practice. In this talk, I will focus on the case study of kin selection models, which seek to explain the evolution of biological altruism. In these models, altruism is defined as behavior that benefits others at a reproductive cost. However, my findings reveal that applying these models empirically requires significant interpretation, particularly in attributing agency and causal responsibility to identify the \u2018altruistic\u2019 organism. I argue that these interpretations are often influenced by intuitions from the human domain, raising questions about whether empirical data can reliably distinguish biological altruism from parasitism. Ultimately, my work underscores the critical but often underappreciated role of interpretation in bridging abstract theory with empirical evidence. Speaker: Dr.\u00a0Assaf Weksler\u00a0 Title: Criterion Shifts and the Metaphysics of Sensory Experience Abstract In the framework of Signal Detection Theory, participants tasked with reporting whether a stimulus is present compare the intensity of their internal sensory response to a predefined criterion. If the sensory response exceeds the criterion, they report “stimulus present”; if it falls below, they report “stimulus absent.” Criteria sometimes shift. For instance, research has shown that participants adopt a liberal criterion (compared to the default neutral one) in the periphery of the visual field, leading to over-reporting the presence of stimuli in that region\u2014an effect called \u2018inflation\u2019. Psychologists and philosophers of cognitive science debate how such criterion shifts should be interpreted. Are they experiential (in inflation, subjects have more experiences) or post-experiential (in inflation, subjects merely report the presence of stimuli more frequently without any change in experience)? The debate has significant implications for topics such as cognitive penetrability, the richness of phenomenology, blindsight, and scientific theories of consciousness. So far, the evidence presented in the debate has been purely empirical. In this talk I argue that the metaphysics of sensory experience bears on this issue. Specifically, I argue that Teleological Phenomenal Externalism\u2014the (metaphysical) view that an experience as of an F is constituted by a brain state whose function is to track Fs\u2014conflicts with the post-experiential interpretation of criterion shifts. Very roughly, the conflict is as follows. The post-experiential interpretation implies that, in detection tasks, neural responses falling below the criterion give rise to experiences and contribute to survival\/inclusive fitness by tracking the absence of a stimulus. In contrast, Teleological Phenomenal Externalism implies that, because these neuronal responses give rise to experiences, they contribute to survival\/inclusive fitness by tracking the presence of a stimulus. The argument leads to the construction of a new \u201cbridge\u201d linking the metaphysics of sensory experience with the scientific study of consciousness. It is possible to walk over the bridge in both directions, i.e., to use Teleological Phenomenal Externalism against the post-experiential interpretation of criterion shifts, or vice versa. Speaker: Dr.\u00a0Matthew Perkins-McVey, Bar-Ilan University\u00a0 Title:\u00a0Intoxication as Knowing and Making: Reimagining the History and Philosophy of the Bio-Medical Sciences Abstract What is so special about intoxication? No doubt, intoxicants steal into our hearts and minds, bending our perception and moving our bodies. But there is more to intoxication than first meets the eye. This presentation will discuss how potent intoxicants not only participated directly in a vast array of scientific investigations over the course of the long 19th century. It will explore how the powerful mind-states they induce represented an epistemically constitutive force in the emergence of the biological subject, making loose conceptual associations real in the experience of intoxicated knowing. Shockingly, scientific investigations featuring intoxicants further proved deeply influential for late-19th century philosophers and social theorists of the body, including Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, and Max Weber. Turning to the 20th century, this leaves many questions concerning how the concept of intoxicating substances may have directly affected the concept of neurochemical substances which intoxicate. Popular discourse surrounding neurotransmitters has come to dominate the representative lexicon of emotional life. Neurotransmitters have taken over our not only our brains, but our minds, our language, our ways of being a self. Music no longer excites; it \u2018gives you dopamine.\u2019 Here, I discuss how intoxication informed the ontology of a body and mind that run on soup, rather than sparks. In doing so, we gain insight into how drugs are defined in particular settings and how these definitional commitments inform their behaviour in the course of experimental investigation, engendering different kinds of bio-medical possibility. For all this can tell us about the emergence of modern bio-medical selfhood, it raises a burning question: if particular drugs have been so many things to so many people, what can history really tell us about a phenomenon mediated by \u2018hard\u2019 physiological processes, by proteins, membranes, and receptors? Peering through the annals of the 18th and 19th centuries, we catch glimpses of stimulating opiates and narcotizing stimulants. Looking to the future, I outline a bold new research program, one centred on the global history of discrete forms of intoxication. Uncovering divergent encounters with given intoxicants in Europe, East Asia, India, and the Near East, we begin to develop a sense of the profoundly historical dimension of intoxication, bringing these observations into conversation with modern neurochemical concepts. Speaker: Dr Melanie Salvi, Humanities and Arts, Technion Title: Infinity in nature: the relationship between finite modes and infinite Substance in Spinoza Abstract In this presentation I discuss the problematic relationship between the finite and the infinite in Spinoza. While, finite things, modes, must be grounded in infinite Substance in some way, it appears that for Spinoza, only infinity can follow from infinity. The tension between these diverging claims is compounded with Spinoza\u2019s attribution of antithetical features to finite modes and infinite Substance. To address this problem, I introduce and evaluate three solutions which have been presented in the literature. The first is to deny the reality of modes; the second is to claim that two causal chains contribute to the production of finite modes in such a way that the infinite only causes the infinite, yet the causal activity of Substance is connected in a clear manner to the creation of finite things; finally, it is possible to give a description of modes in which they inherit the infinity of Substance while remaining finite in a relevant sense. Speaker: Dr. Zeev Goldschmidt, Humanities and Arts, Technion Title: The Norm of Assertion Is Not Epistemic Abstract:\u00a0In this paper, I argue that the norm of assertion is not epistemic. I apply Schroeder\u2019s (2021) distinction between \u03d5-ing right and \u03d5-ing well to the case of assertion and consider the notion of asserting well \u2013 asserting permissibly with the right kind of motivation. The argument is composed of two parts. First, I demonstrate that if the norm of assertion is epistemic then asserting well requires one to be motivated to assert by facts about one\u2019s mental states. Second, I argue that asserting well cannot require this motivation, and therefore the norm of assertion is not epistemic. Speaker: Dr Leora Sung, Humanities and Arts Technion Title: Partiality Towards the Present\u00a0 Abstract Many philosophers think that caring more about the welfare of people to the extent that they are nearer to us in time is a reprehensible practice. The basic moral argument against a positive rate of pure time preference is that a person\u2019s place in time should not affect that person\u2019s moral status. However, we do not need to regard location in time as conferring on people extra or reduced moral status to justify partiality towards people nearer to us in time. If we have grounds to justify partiality towards people nearer to us in time, we would be morally permitted to care more about the welfare of present people, without conferring a reduced moral status on future people. I defend the position that we are morally permitted, or even morally required, to prioritise the needs of the present. Appealing to our tendencies to be biased towards the near future when it comes to our own interests, I argue that we are, at least, morally permitted to display near-future bias when it comes to the interests of others because of how this relates to our appropriate concern for them. This other-directed near-future bias justifies our partiality towards the present over the distant future, permitting us to prioritise the welfare of present people over the welfare of those to exist in the far-distant future. I also argue that given our partiality towards the present, there are specific agential costs associated with forgoing helping our contemporaries for the sake of the far-distant future, including a requirement to go against the widely accepted moral principle of treating others the way we would want to be treated ourselves. Finally, I address two potential objections: 1) the hinge of history hypothesis puts us in an exceptional position that requires us to abandon our partiality towards the present; and 2) the high axiological stakes introduced by a view known as \u201clongtermism\u201d means that whatever partiality towards the present is vastly outweighed by the goodness we can bring about through long-term interventions. Speaker: Dr. Daniel A. Di Liscia, LMU Munich and Humanities and Arts Technion Title: Concepts in Motion: Late Medieval Interdisciplinarity and the Rise of Modern Science Abstract According to the Aristotelian tradition, physics, mathematics, and metaphysics are three distinct speculative disciplines, each with its own approach and, especially, distinct objects of research. These disciplines cannot be combined without causing serious complications. However, Aristotle addresses the particular case of certain disciplines that derive their principles from pure mathematics but focus on natural objects; music, astronomy, and optics are typical examples, though for different reasons in each case. From the 13th century onward, these fields became collectively known as scientiae mediae, or “middle sciences,\u201d as they are epistemologically situated somewhere between mathematics and physics. Galileo still referenced them in his Discorsi. With this background, scholars have questioned whether the work of the “calculators,\u201d which essentially involves the mathematization of motion, could be understood as a particular case of the middle sciences. Disappointingly, however, no definitive proof has yet been provided within this context. Nonetheless, the later development of this tradition clearly indicates that the concept of mathematizing motion evolved into a new discipline, later called the science of the latitude of forms (scientia de latitudinibus formarum). In my talk, I will present several pieces of evidence for the historical fact that the inclusion of the text De latitudinibus formarum in university curricula paved the way for a new, geometry-based science of motion, which its proponents themselves identified as a scientia media. I will substantiate this argument with both texts I have previously cited in my published works and others that have, until now, remained unknown. Spring Semester 2024 Speaker: Dr. Enrico Piergiacomi, Humanities and Arts, Technion Title: Infinite Scepticism: Digital Atomism and the Case Study of Metrodorus of Chios Abstract Democritus\u2019 pupil Metrodorus of Chios (4th century BC) is ascribed with embracing seemingly contradictory perspectives according to ancient sources. While he exhibited an extremely sceptical stance on epistemology, asserting that \u00abnone of us knows anything, and not even this, whether we know it or do not know it\u00bb, he simultaneously endorsed scientific doctrines in the realm of physics, such as atomism, the infinitude of the universe, and a mechanistic explanation for natural phenomena. This apparent schism between his views on physics and epistemology raises the question of why Metrodorus felt justified in making assertions about the nature and processes of the world despite his profound epistemic scepticism. This paper aims to propose that Metrodorus paradoxically based his sceptical outlook on atomism. In another fragment, Metrodorus posited that the causes of things and events are infinite, suggesting that every finite entity has both a physical foundation and a transcendent source of existence. This idea of infinitude serves as the grounding for both the continuous infinite changes observed in experience (qualitatively and quantitatively) and the justification for epistemic doubt. If the causes of an event are infinite and the human mind is finite, our understanding can only capture a fraction of the causal spectrum beyond any given phenomenon. In other words, truth remains indeterminate. This hypothesis also elucidates why Metrodorus doubted whether we truly ignore something, namely that we may unknowingly possess knowledge. The enigmatic statement \u00abwhether we know it or do not know it\u00bb could imply that we have possibly discerned the causes of a particular phenomenon within the infinite causal spectrum. However, we may be oblivious to this knowledge due to the overwhelming nature of infinitude. In conclusion, I propose that Metrodorus\u2019 sceptical epistemology and atomistic physics were interconnected in an unconventional manner. The concept of infinitude serves as a natural premise leading to a tentative and indeterminate perspective on nature, subject to constant revision as more infinite causes of reality are comprehended. Speaker: Prof. Oded Ezer, Holon Institute of Technology \u00a0 Title: The Intersection of the Art of Typography, Technology, and Human Experience Abstract In this seminar, I will provide insights into the core creative concepts and methodologies behind integrating typography, fiction, and contemporary visual practices. The seminar will start with a brief history of typography and include descriptions and examples of my professional and creative work. I will also explore potential collaborative opportunities and future projects. My goal is to inspire interdisciplinary collaborations that blend artistic methods with fields such as cognition, computer science, biotechnology, mathematics, education, data and decision sciences, physics, and engineering to enhance experimental narratives. I will showcase the potential for innovative joint projects and encourage discussions on new interdisciplinary partnerships. Speaker: Dr. David Manheim, Humanities and Arts, Technion Title: Cooperating with Stochastic Parrots Abstract Large Language Models are a significant new technology both technologically and socially, but what they are, exactly, and how we should view them now and as they become more sophisticated and integrated into social and business interactions in the near-term is still unclear. After reviewing what LLMs are, and why they are considered “Stochastic Parrots” by some experts, this talk will first make a case that cooperation is a relevant concept for interacting with these models, even if they are not moral actors. Following this, the presentation will consider whether the characterization as stochastic parrots is reasonable from the perspectives of computational complexity and theory of mind, and raise some of the questions related to whether they should be considered moral actors, specifically regarding agency, intent, and consciousness. It will conclude with some thoughts on critical open questions for if and when they are considered moral actors socially, ethically, and societally. Speaker: Dr. Eliyahu Keller,\u00a0Architecture and Town Planning, Technion Title: On Architectural Origins and Ends: Raimund Abraham\u2019s Birth of Architecture Abstract Stories of the origin of architecture are more than mere tales. Rather, they are textual, visual, and representational devices not only of what architecture, as a profession and a discipline, aspires to be, but of the world in which architecture operates, the subjects\u2014whether architect or user\u2014 it imagines, and the kind of culture which it sought, in retrospect, to construct around and by virtue of itself. By depicting an origin against which architecture is established, such stories seek to legitimize, concretize, and give meaning to all architectural acts that followed that once primordial act. Equally intriguing, yet scarcely investigated in comparison to architecture\u2019s imaginary beginnings, are the tales and images of architecture\u2019s end. Indeed, it could be argued that to imagine the ultimate demise of a discipline so self-preoccupied, if not obsessed with its own beginnings, would constitute a contradiction in terms. And yet, as literary scholar Frank Kermode noted, if we are to understand our place in the middle, one must take into account not only how a thing begins but how it emphatically terminates. If the origins of architecture, then, are to have a function within the discipline\u2019s story, and if the discipline itself is to have a future, then a certain formation of architecture must come to an end. My lecture will the entanglement of architecture\u2019s origins and ends through a reading of several noted architectural origin myths against a more recent work that belongs to this tradition: the last published work of the Austrian-born visionary draftsmen and architect, Raimund Abraham, titled \u2018The Birth of Architecture\u2019 (2009). Building on the extant literature and countless interpretations surrounding the history of architectural origin myths, as well as an exploration of Abraham\u2019s career and personal history, I will posit Abraham\u2019s drawing as the conclusion to the origins coming out of the Enlightenment and their conception of architecture\u2019s relationship to nature. Out of this examination, Abraham\u2019s Birth of Architecture emerges not only as the ultimate conclusion to the centuries-old Western story of nature\u2019s subjugation but the first chapter in a future history of architecture that emerges from a recognition of the destruction that has been demanded by human progress; an origin story for an architecture in a world in which the traditional conception of nature no longer exists. Speaker: Dr. Maayan Tsadka Title: Acoustic Ecology and how to expand our hearing Abstract Coming from a practice of music composition, sound and field recording, I will share some of my practices\/thoughts about using microphones, technology and listening techniques\u00a0as means for augmenting our hearing\/listening\/perception. I will\u00a0share some of my creative projects and perspectives from the growing field of acoustic ecology and the use of sound recording as a research and creative tool. Speaker: Dr. Nir Ofek, Network Biology Research Lab, Technion Title:\u00a0The Feedback Loop of Synchrony: Emergence in Group Dynamics and Its Influential Effects Abstract Synchrony is the phenomenon where individuals within a group exhibit simultaneous, coordinated behavior. In this talk, I will present our ongoing research: how synchrony impacts individual identity transformation and its significance for resilience and social cohesion. To\u00a0understand how synchrony emerges, we will present our further approach to identify the role of different connectivity setup\u2014close-loop versus open-loop\u2014in facilitating or hindering group synchrony. Speaker: Dr. Orit Wolf, Humanities and Arts, Technion Title: The Art of “Cadenza” Writing for Classical Concerto – from Mozart and Beethoven’s Era up to the 21st century Abstract The “Cadenza” is perhaps the most precious part of the concerto from the classical era, where composers such as Mozart and Beethoven enabled the soloist to express virtuosity and reflections upon the thematic material of the given musical text. \u00a0This was an opportunity for the soloist to play alone while the orchestra was silent. While those classical Masters have offered their examples of cadenzas, they both emphasized the importance of the performer writing or improvising his\/ her own cadenza. \u00a0 Accordingly, “Romantic” style cadenzas composed for classical piano concertos have taken off the cadenza into new realms of daring and creativity. There is a rich tradition spanning from the cadenzas written by Clara Schumann, Busoni, and Brahms to the contributions of contemporary composers and improvisers. Strangely enough, during the 20th century, cadenza writing declined and suffered from over-conservativism. This prompts several critical questions for performers and scholars alike: Should we adhere to the cadenzas recommended by the original composers, or should we endeavor to create our own? What are the established conventions for composing or improvising a cadenza for a classical concerto? Additionally, what stylistic approach should be employed: that of the original composer or a more modern or personally favoured style? \u00a0Which thematic materials should be incorporated, and in what manner? Is there a prescribed duration for the cadenza, or is it inherently a free-form structure? These questions are not only essential for a comprehensive understanding of the function of the cadenza but are also essential to shape future performance practice of modern cadenzas for classical concertos. Winter Semester\u00a02024 Speaker: Dr. Christian Beck, Technion Title: Into the Tension between Quantum Nonlocality and Relativistic Space-Time Abstract In this talk, I will give an overview of two rival aspects of two of our most fundamental physical theories, quantum theory and relativity. Quantum entanglement leads to nonlocal (superluminal) correlations between distant events. Bell\u2019s theorem establishes that these correlations cannot be explained by local common causes. But according to Einsteinian relativity, there is no absolute temporal order between such events; different \u201cobservers\u201d disagree on which occurs first. Hence, any explanation of the correlations in terms of \u201ccause\u201d and \u201ceffect\u201d would be relative to a frame of reference. To guarantee that this tension between quantum nonlocality and relativity does not lead to inconsistencies, certain constraints are imposed on relativistic quantum theories (local commutativity) which guarantee that quantum nonlocality cannot be used to send signals faster than light (no-signalling). It is usually argued that the possibility of superluminal signals would give rise to causal paradoxes. I will demonstrate the basic scheme of such paradoxes and argue that – although having valid lines of argument \u2013 they appear to be too anthropocentric to base on them a fundamental physical principle. I will motivate another physical requirement, which I call relativistic consistency, which seems to be better suited than no-signalling but implies the latter. Speaker: Dr. Nir Fresco, Ben Gurion University of the Negev Title: Miscomputation as Malfunction in the Computational Sciences of Mind and Brain Abstract Miscomputation is a deviation from a norm that is set for artificially designed physical systems (e.g., desktops and smartphones), but also for species and organisms. When a system miscomputes, it computes a different mathematical function g, rather than the function, f, which is the norm (i.e., there exists at least one input ix such that g(ix) \u2260 f(ix)). Given the importance of miscomputation in any complete account of physical computation, few works have dealt with this phenomenon explicitly (e.g., Colombo, 2021; Dewhurst, 2014; Fresco & Primiero, 2013; Petricek, 2017; Piccinini, 2015; Primiero, 2020; Tucker, 2018). In contrast to artificial computing systems, there are no design specifications according to which the behaviour of a biological system can be classified as correct or incorrect. How then should miscomputation be construed in the computational sciences of mind and brain? Is any appeal to \u2018miscomputation\u2019 in these sciences merely instrumental? Is this usage aligned with how \u2018miscomputation\u2019 is used in computer science and engineering? These questions remain open. Surprisingly, most normative accounts of computation in the philosophical literature face a dilemma: either there is no such thing as miscomputation, or it cannot be explained. Speaker: Dr.\u00a0Alik Pelman, Humanities and Arts, Technion Title: Meta-Philosophy as Intellectual Peace-Making Abstract:\u00a0 When faced with a philosophical controversy, philosophers normally tend to decide what view they are siding with, and then provide arguments for that view and against the competing ones. However, one can adopt a different stance, a meta-philosophical stance, and search instead for common \u2018building blocks\u2019 from which the different competing views can all be reconstructed. Such a set of building blocks allows the generation of a common logical space of possibilities, on which the different existing views can be located, and thus analysed, compared, and contrasted. In addition, such a \u2018map\u2019 reveals new possible views yet to be taken. The challenge, of course, is to come up with an appropriate set of building blocks for a given set of competing views. In this talk, I shall propose several such meta-philosophical analyses, applied to debates in the philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, environmental ethics, and metaphysics. We shall also witness that, once placing a set of different competing views on such a common \u2018map\u2019, and thus gaining a more objective, impartial overall perspective, it often becomes less attractive to choose one side over the other, thereby fostering \u2018peace-making\u2019. I look forward to meeting you on Wednesday, Speaker: Dr.\u00a0Ariel Furstenberg, Hebrew University Title: How committed are we to our intentions? From electrophysiology to free-will Abstract:\u00a0 In a famous philosophical paradox, Buridan’s ass starves to death, because, placed equally between two identical stacks of hay, it cannot make up its mind whether to approach the right or the left haystack. We are faced daily with the need to pick between alternatives that are equally attractive (or not) to us.What are the processes that allow us to avoid paralysis and quickly choose between such equal options when there are no preferences or rational reasons to rely on?\u00a0This is an empirical question with significant philosophical implications regarding issues of intentionality, human agency, free will and self-control. In this talk, I will present experiments addressing this important phenomenon using measures of human behavior, electrophysiology and neural network modeling, and discuss the cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in the process of intention formation and execution, in the face of alternatives to choose from. Specifically, I will show results revealing the temporal dynamics of rapid intention formation and, moreover, \u2018change of intention\u2019 in a free choice picking scenario, in which the alternatives are on par for the participant. Furthermore, I will claim that arbitrary decisions, arguably based on a whim, are subject to similar control mechanisms as reasoned decisions. With these results in hand, I plan to discuss their conceptual implications, focusing primarily on the notions of intention, reasons and causes and their ensuing conceptual change. This discussion proposes a refinement of broader conceptions encompassing human agency, free will, and self-control. Speaker: Dr. Daniel Grimmer, University of Oxford Title: In Search of New Spacetimes: From Unofficially Humean Laws to a Kantian Spacetime Abstract:\u00a0 What, if any, can help us explain how nature facilitates the dynamical behavior of matter? One might attempt to answer this question via a straightforward metaphysical reading of our best physical theories. If taken literally, our best theories say that there exist things such as space, time, and laws of nature which govern the world’s events and which give them a stage upon which to happen. But do we have to read our ontological commitments off of our theories so literally? Not every aspect of our best theories is taken so literally. For instance, given a theory described in one coordinate system, we have the mathematical tools to easily redescribe it in a wide variety of alternate coordinate systems (or even using no coordinates whatsoever). This strong capacity for coordinate redescription leads us to believe that coordinate systems are merely a representational artifact which we project onto the world as a means of organizing and codifying its regularities. But what if we could also redescribe our best physical theories using different laws of nature or as being set on different spacetime manifolds (e.g,. a Mobius strip vs a Euclidean plane)? What if we could do this just as easily as we can switch between different coordinate systems? In some recent work [1-3], I have shown that we can! In this talk I will argue that given this strong capacity for nomological and spatiotemporal redescription, we ought to adopt a (roughly) Humean view of the laws of nature and a (roughly) Kantian view of space and time. The laws of nature which appear in our best physical theories do not correspond to any active governing force out there in the world; Instead, the laws have the metaphysical relevance that they do only because they are a particularly nice way of systematizing the dynamical behavior of matter. Similarly, the spacetime manifold which appears in our best physical theories does not correspond to any sort of stage upon which the world’s drama plays out; Instead, space and time have the metaphysical relevance that they do only because they are particularly nice ways of organizing and codifying the dynamical behavior of matter. Speaker: Dr. Alex Blum,\u00a0Max Planck Institute Title: Inconsistency in Fundamental Physics Abstract:\u00a0 Quantum Field Theory is the foundation of the Standard Model of Particle Physics, our current best theory of microscopic matter and interactions. It has also been hailed as the numerically most precise theory in the history of science. Yet from its first construction in the late 1940s, the mathematical consistency of this theory was called into question and debated. In my talk, I will analyze the origins of these doubts, why they ultimately remained unresolved, and what they mean for the practice of fundamental physics and for the prospects of ultimately finding a final theory of “everything”. Speaker: Dr. Janina Wellmann,\u00a0Max Planck Institute Berlin Title: Registering Life in Motion. A Challenge to the Sciences and Humanities Abstract:\u00a0 Motion, previously marginalized, is now at the core of organic life. On the subcellular and molecular level, in the inner life of cells, where cargoes are delivered, molecules transported, and organelles displaced, movement turns out to be the root of all activity. Computer animations, high-resolution microscopy and mathematical simulation reveal the organism in maximal motion, but they are also the conditio sine qua non for a world of research that can no longer think, calculate, or experiment without moving images. In my talk, I will investigate the consequences, which the new conception of life as constant becoming has for the sciences and humanities alike. I argue that not only does modern biotechnology face fundamental experimental, technological and conceptual challenges, and do the humanities provide tools and perspectives to contribute to their understanding, but also that these challenges can best be faced in dialogue and mutual enrichment. Speaker: Dr. Guy Hetzroni, The Open University of Israel Title: Einstein\u2019s Principle of Equivalence and the Empirical Basis for Theoretical Arguments Abstract: The interplay of empirical and theoretical considerations in contemporary fundamental physics poses various challenges to the philosophy of science. This talk will offer new reflections on these challenges, based on a new account of certain theoretical methods applied in Einstein\u2019s general theory of relativity and in particle physics. In his early expositions of general relativity, Albert Einstein presented his principle of equivalence as an empirical observation extended and promoted to a fundamental principle that underlies the construction of the theory. The content of the principle, however, was soon brought into question together with its very validity in the theory. Einstein later abandoned this early presentation of the theory altogether. By the late 1920s he described the construction of the theory as indicating a radical break in theoretical physics, away from inductive reasoning and towards mathematically based patterns of reasoning and non-empirical guiding principles. In parallel, the philosophical reflections on the epistemological foundations of the theory shaped the fundamental divides in early 20th century philosophy of science. These debates are echoed in contemporary debates in the philosophy of physics on the epistemic status of theoretical virtues and principles, and the justification of theories based on them. In this talk I will revisit the relation between the early debates and the current ones. The discussion will be based on the new “methodological equivalence principle”, a suggested generalization of Einstein’s principle from which the basic structure of general relativity, it is shown, can be derived in a way that maximizes the weight of empirically based considerations. \u00a0The same principle is then shown as underlying the applicability of the gauge argument in particle physics, similarly highlighting the role of empirical considerations and resolving worries related to the applicability of mathematics. \u00a0Finally, I’ll argue that the two cases demonstrate the relevance of heuristic and methodological considerations to foundational questions in the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of science. Speaker: Seth Goldwasser, University of Pittsburgh Title: Standard Aberration: Cancer Biology and the Modeling Account of Function Abstract: Cancer biology features the ascription of normal functions to parts of cancers. At least some ascriptions of function in cancer biology track local normality of parts within the global abnormality of the aberration to which those parts belong. That is, cancer biologists identify as functions activities that, in some sense, parts of cancers are supposed to perform, despite cancers themselves having no purpose. This talk provides a theory to accommodate these normal function ascriptions\u2014I call it the Modeling Account of Normal Function (MA). MA comprises two claims. First, normal functions are activities whose performance by the function-bearing part contributes to the self-maintenance of the whole system and, thereby, results in the continued presence of that part. Second, MA holds that there is a class of models of system-level activities (partly) constitutive of self-maintenance members of which are improved by including a representation of the relevant function-bearing part and by making reference to some activity which that part performs, where that activity contributes to those system-level activities. I contrast MA with two other accounts that seek to explicate the ascription of normal functions in biology, namely, the organizational account and the selected effects account. Both struggle to extend to cancer biology. However, I offer ecumenical readings which allow them to recover some ascriptions of normal function to parts of cancers. Speaker: \u00a0Dr.\u00a0Lotem Elber-Dorozko,\u00a0Pittsburgh Title:\u00a0How a philosophical definition of purpose in biology can help us identify good models in neuroscience Abstract: In recent years, a variety of neural network models have been extremely successful in predicting brain processes and behavior. Nonetheless, neuroscientists often disagree on whether these suggested models of cognitive capacities indeed capture essential properties of these capacities. In my talk I aim to clarify these debates by noting that attempts to understand cognitive capacities occur under the posit that the brain is a teleological system \u2013 a system that has (at least one) purpose. It seems undeniable that biological organisms have purposes; spiders build webs to catch pray and mice pups emit sounds to call their mom, for example. Even so, philosophers and scientists have debated for centuries how to define and assign such purpose and have not reached agreement. Although this teleological view of the brain is an essential part of neuroscience, the difficulties it raises are rarely explicitly invoked in scientific discourse. Considering teleology with relation to neuroscientific practice sheds light on the source of the inherent vagueness that surrounds the delineation of cognitive capacities. Furthermore, it suggests that neuroscientists cannot rely on prediction of behavior and brain processes alone to support their models. Instead, models of purposeful behavior should also be assessed relative to the history that caused the capacity to be brought forth. I take object recognition and recent convolutional neural networks models of this capacity as a case study to demonstrate these points and suggest several concrete ways in which neuroscientific practice can be amended. Speaker: \u00a0Dr.\u00a0Hisham Abdulhalim,\u00a0Technion Title: Denied by an (Unexplainable) Algorithm: Teleological Explanations for Algorithmic Decisions Enhance Customer Satisfaction Abstract: Automated algorithmic decision-making has become commonplace, with firms implementing either rule-based or statistical models to determine whether to provide services to customers based on their past behaviors and characteristics. In response, policymakers are pressing firms to explain these algorithmic decisions. However, many of these algorithms are \u201cunexplainable\u201d because they are too complex for humans to understand. Moreover, legal or commercial considerations often preclude explaining algorithmic decision rules. We study consumer responses to goal-oriented, or teleological, explanations, which present the purpose or objective of the algorithm without revealing mechanism information that might help customers reverse or prevent future service denials. In a field experiment with a technology firm and in several online lab experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of teleological explanations and identify conditions when teleological and mechanistic explanations can be equally satisfying. Whereas the epistemic value of explanations is well established, we study how explanations mitigate the negative impact of service denials on customer satisfaction. Yet in situations where companies do not want to, or cannot, reveal the mechanism, we find that teleological explanations create equivalent value through the justifications they may offer. Our results thus show that firms may benefit by offering teleological explanations for unexplainable algorithm behavior, positioning their firms as more ethical than others. Spring semester 2023 Dr. Osvaldo Ottaviani, Technion Title: What role do plants (and living beings) play in the philosophy of Leibniz? Abstract: Without being directly involved in botanical research, Leibniz has always had a strong interest in this subject, as well as all in many investigations about the nature of living beings. In some passages, he also claims that the inquiries of modern investigators (microscopists, anatomists, etc.) on the generation of plants and animals provided new insights not only on the structure of living beings and the universe, but also on the nature and \u00a0the constitution of souls and incorporeal substances. In my talk, I will try to answer the following question: in which sense Leibniz could say that the nature and structure of living beings is of the utmost importance to the establishment of his theory of simple substances or monads? I will move from some recently edited texts where Leibniz is concerned with the nature of some climbing plants, and the rejection of the theory of the spontaneous generation of plants and insects. In both cases, Leibniz defends the universality of the sexual reproduction of living beings (stressing the analogy between plants and animals), while, at the same time, maintaining that living beings are never generated mechanically by something which is not already organic. \u00a0Leibniz’s account of life wants to keep together the following claims: 1) the rejection of spontaneous generation (because nothing organized can be generated from chaos or inorganic matter); \u00a02) the thesis of preformation of all organisms; and 3) their status of \u2018machines\u2019 endowed with an infinity of organs. Thus, Leibniz employs the research and observations of the moderns on the generation of insects, plants, and animals as an empirical confirmation of his metaphysical thesis on \u00a0the infinite complexity of the machines of nature. From the metaphysical point of view, the infinite composition of natural machines explains the sense in which each soul is able to express an infinite universe (like a living mirror of the universe, as Leibniz says). Dr. Assaf Marom,\u00a0Technion Title: Anatomy education in the age of digital reproduction Abstract: Anatomy is a core subject among the basic sciences of medicine, which has been studied in medical schools through dissection ever since anatomy was established as a science several centuries ago. However, since the last quarter of the previous century anatomical education has been undergoing a process of transformation, mainly fueled by the development of medical imaging technology. Consequently, many medical schools have been modifying their courses to an imaging-based education, relying on computer software, medical images, and holograms, among others. While both traditional and imaging-based approaches to anatomical education have advantages and disadvantages, here I discuss the drawbacks of the new approach, arguing that the technological advances we witness provoke scientific, pedagogic, and ethical challenges that should be addressed before rushing to implement them. Dr. Daniel Kunzelmann (University of Basel) Title: Doing fieldwork with(in) surveillance architectures: methodological and ethical implications for digital researchers. Abstract: Social media create seemingly transparent contexts of information. Comments, attitudes and attributions become (often) easily accessible to researchers. Not least for qualitative approaches, this provides an empirical treasure of data offering valuable insights into sometimes very intimate spheres of life. We might understand the virtual spaces in which such data are generated as architectures of surveillance that establish a specific regime of (in)visibility. This conceptual reframing raises some fundamental methodological and research ethics questions anew: Who is allowed to see (and know) for what purpose? And how may this knowledge be generated and disseminated? Using ethnographic material this lecture reflects on some of the challenges that scientists face while conducting research via social media. The main focus will be on the tension between the actors’ wish (or need) for anonymity and a scientific standard that demands the disclosure and traceability of empirical material. A “case-based approach” is presented that makes it possible to uphold established research ethical standards and, at the same time, benefit from the potential of easily accessible material on social media Prof. Catherine Wilson Title: What Use was Science to Philosophy—and What Use is Philosophy\u2019s History to Science?\u00a0 Abstract: It is widely, though not universally believed that philosophy from certain periods is best understood by studying it in the context of the scientific discoveries and hypotheses that preoccupied its authors. I will give a few examples of how to read and misread classical texts in the history of philosophy \u2013Descartes, Leibniz, and Kant, who were essentially philosophers of nature– by taking their scientific context into account. It is also widely, though not universally believed that scientists do not benefit from studying the history of philosophy. I would next like to challenge this view. After professional philosophy (inevitably) detached itself from professional science, many scientists lost the ethical orientation that had guided their predecessors. This orientation must be recovered if we are not to enter a scientific-technological dystopia. Dr. Lior Arbel,\u00a0 Title:\u00a0Music Technology \u2013 Bottom Up Abstract: Can electric guitars, synthesizers and Spotify really be the focus of serious academic research? Yes! In this talk we will take a bottom-up look on the academic discipline of music technology. We\u2019ll start with an overview of Lior Arbel\u2019s work \u2013 the invention and research of several musical instruments, software and hardware. We\u2019ll see how music technology research blends engineering, computer science, human-computer interaction and social sciences. We\u2019ll go on to describe the international music technology discipline and glance at its current state in Israel, or lack thereof. Yoav Beirach | Department of Humanities and Arts Title Pitch, Tone, System:\u00a0 Explaining the Disappearance of the ‘Science of Music’ in Late 17th Century Europe Abstract It is a remarkable fact that almost every important figure of the scientific revolution – including Galileo, Bacon, Kepler, Gassendi, Descartes, Mersenne, Huygens, Newton, and Leibniz \u2013 had devoted intense research, debate, and publication, to the mathematical study of music, and yet that this field of research virtually disappeared off the face of the earth after 150 years. \u00a0How come all mathematical research on the nature of music in Europe ended almost abruptly by the end of the 17th century? My talk will present a few different answers to this puzzle, and will discuss how they relate to each other. It begins by clarifying what does it mean at all to practice a mathematical science of music, and what could it have meant in 16th and 17th Century Europe. This brings to the front how the relationship between practice and theory in music is far more intricate and alluding than one might expect. I will argue that the canonization of the equalized 12-tone system during the 18th century relates to the newly forming science of acoustics, and will show how both could have taken part in forming an idea and practice that condition and govern our most fundamental conceptions and perceptions of music and tonality to this day. Winter semester 2023 Dr. Jonathan Najenson, Technion Title Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) Revisited: Reconsidering the Explanatory Power of Synaptic Efficacy Abstract: Changes in synaptic strength are described as a unifying hypothesis for memory formation and storage, leading philosophers to consider the “synaptic efficacy hypothesis” as a paradigmatic explanation in neuroscience. However, in Craver’s mosaic view, while synaptic efficacy plays a unifying role by integrating diverse fields within a hierarchical mechanism, it does not have explanatory power across distinct memory types. In this talk, I will show how the mechanistic approach can accommodate the explanatory power of this hypothesis by examining its role across different mechanistic hierarchies, which in turn supports the idea of unification. Dr. Oren Bader,\u00a0Technion; Heidelberg\u00a0University Hospital. Title: Neurophenomenology as a research program \u2013 Bridging the gap between philosophy and neuroscience\u00a0(Abstract below). Abstract: Francisco Varela coined the term Neurophenomenology (NP) to suggest a research area that combines phenomenology \u2013 the philosophical study of the structures of subjective experiences with scientific investigations into their underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. Although Varela introduced the concept of NP over 20 years ago, only a\u00a0\u00a0few attempts were made to implement this unique approach in concrete studies. In this talk, I\u2019ll discuss the benefits and limitations of an integrated philosophical and scientific research program for studying subjective experiences by reviewing results from a recent NP study on intergroup empathy. Specifically, I\u2019ll ask can naturalizing phenomenology help bridge the gap between empirical investigations and philosophical approaches and what can be achieved when designing hybrid research. Prof. Emmanuel Farjoun\u00a0 Hebrew University Title: Exponential economic growth: Causes and Costs\u00a0(Abstract below). The talk is based on his recently published book “How Labour powers the global economy\u00a0\u2013 a labor theory of\u00a0capitalism”\u00a0(coauthored by M. Machover and D. Zachariah). Abstract: In this talk, the basic drive of the Capitalist economy to grow will be reduced to basic labor consideration,\u00a0conservation and measures.\u00a0The limits of this growth will be explained: Both lower and upper\u00a0bounds are explored. Real monetary prices do not faithfully reflect social-economic causes and costs. A deeper analysis is needed. Its main tool is a probabilistic reduction of the apparent, easy-to-observe money costs, capital costs, and natural resources cost to labor inputs. These are measured simply by hours of work and are somewhat harder to trace. Labor inputs, in turn, reflect much deeper social-economic realities. The implications, under the present system, to the ecological and the human-social future are shown to be grave. Ways to overcome these grave and inevitable implications will be discussed. Prof. \u00a0Elay Shech Title: Scientific Understanding, Modal Reasoning, and (Infinite) Idealization Abstract: One of the main goals of science is to provide understanding. Yet, the use of idealizations and abstraction in science, which are falsehoods of sorts, is ubiquitous. How can science afford understanding in light of idealizations? How can falsity allow us to understand that truth? In this talk, I attempt to make some headway in answering such questions. Specifically, by appealing to resources found in the scientific understanding literature, I identify in what senses idealizations afford understanding in the context of the (magnetic) Aharonov-Bohm effect. Using this example, which appeals to infinite idealizations, I will suggest that idealizations facilitate modal reasoning in a manner that is essential for understanding both scientific theory and what some phenomenon is supposed to be in the first place. Prof . Aviram Rosochotsky (Tel Aviv University) Title Relationism in Shape Dynamics Abstract: Relationism is a philosophical view according\u00a0to which\u00a0motion consists solely in changes to position relations between material bodies. Consequently, it rules out absolute motions \u2013 those that take place with respect to space and time which (supposedly) exist independently of matter. In my talk I’ll show how Barbour and Bertotti (1982) were able to create a modification of Newton’s theory of gravity which is compatible with the relationist view of motion using a theoretical device called best-matching. I will then review the treatment of motion in Shape Dynamics, which is the generalization of Barbour and Bertotti’s\u00a0approach in a relativistic context. The comparison between the revisions of Newtonian gravity and General Relativity will show\u00a0interesting differences. Winter + Spring semester 2022 Prof. \u00a0Omer Einav (Molad). Title Defending the Goal: Football and the Relations between Jews and Arab in Mandatory Palestine, 1917-1948 Abstract: My research uses the periodization of the Mandate in analyzing relations between the Zionist and Palestinian national movements, in the socio-cultural context. As a research tool, that context with its diverse aspects has been used in recent years as a field for exploring the dynamic created in Mandatory Palestine, between the two societies that lived there, and as a reflection of nationalist aspects at the heart of existing historiography. The focus is the game of football, through which a distinctive angle an attempt is made to examine the development and traits of relations between Jews and Arabs Dr. Lotem Elber-Dorozko (Technion) and Arnon Levy (Hebrew University). Title What is so good about being optimal? On appeals to optimality in the cognitive sciences Abstract: Models in cognitive science often describe people\u2019s behavior as optimal. What are the motivations for such descriptions? We discuss three \u2013 empirical, methodological, and conceptual. The first involves a claim about the power of natural selection, namely that it can be expected to lead many cognitive capacities to be performed optimally, in the sense that they maximize fitness. On this view, appeals to optimality have explanatory value in virtue of background assumptions about evolution. However, we present several interrelated reasons to question the claim that cognitive capacities maximize fitness. Alternatively, optimal models may serve as a good first approximation for the behavior. We suggest that it is more accurate to consider optimal models as idealizations, because \u2018approximation\u2019 suggests that the model can be brought closer (often, arbitrarily closer) to reality, and this does not hold for most cognitive models. It is an open question what can be learned from optimality-based models, construed as idealizations. Finally, we consider a conceptual motivation for viewing people as optimal. Here, the idea is that optimality is part of an attempt to \u201cmake sense of the organism\u201d, to rationalize its behavior. We accept that such a perspective is important, perhaps indispensable in studying minds. But we urge caution about tying it to the notion of optimality or to strong notions of rationality. Dr. Sharon Bassan Title A Proportionality-Based Framework for Government Regulation of Digital Tracing Apps in Times of Emergency Abstract: Times of emergency present an inherent conflict between the public interest and the preservation of individual rights. Such times require granting emergency powers to the government on behalf of the public interest and relaxing safeguards against government actions that infringe rights. The lack of theoretical framework to assess governmental decisions in times of emergency leads to a polarized and politicized discourse about potential policies, and often, to public distrust and lack of compliance. Such a discourse was evident regarding Digital Tracing Apps (\u201cDTAs\u201d), which are apps installed on cellular phones to alert users that they were exposed to people who tested positive for COVID-19. DTAs collect the most sensitive types of information, such as health-related and location or proximity information, which violates the right to privacy and the right to be free of surveillance. This sensitive information is normally legally protected. But in emergencies there are no legal restrictions limiting the collection of such data. The common privacy-law approach supports DTA implementation under the condition that the technology preserves the privacy of users. But this Article suggests that the privacy approach focuses on micro considerations and under-addresses the implications of DTA-based policy. Instead, this Article suggests rethinking DTA implementation during COVID-19 through the doctrine of proportionality. Often used by European Union courts in areas where decisions entail meaningful implications to individual rights, the doctrine offers a clear and workable normative evaluation of tradeoffs in a more nuanced, explicable, and transparent way. Highlighting macro considerations, the doctrine of proportionality suggests that 1) DTA-based policy is less proportionate compared to traditional contact-tracing methods; 2) policies created while relying on smartphones are inequitable and biased; and 3) the sharing of sensitive personal information with private companies will have irreversible social surveillance implications. Additionally, the proportionality method not only provides a flexible methodological tool to evaluate government decisions in times of emergency but also offers an opportunity to examine how governments achieve and justify the acceptance and assimilation of new technological policy measures, which may take societies in new directions. Dr. Paula Reichert (LMU M\u00fcnchen) Title Why does time have a direction? Abstract This talk discusses the physical origin of time directionality. In nature we observe irreversible (i.e. time-directed) processes, like the breaking of an egg, diffusion through cell membranes, and so on, despite the fact that all the fundamental laws of physics are time-symmetric. How can this apparent paradox be resolved? We discuss how macroscopic time asymmetry can be grounded on time-symmetric microscopic laws by means of a typicality argument based on special initial conditions. This demand for a special initial condition thrusts the origin of time asymmetry back in time towards the beginning of the universe. In this context, we discuss how modern cosmology seeks to explain the origin of time directionality via a time-symmetric one past \u2013 two futures scenario where the Big Bang provides merely a special instant, a Janus point, in an otherwise eternal universe. Professor Omri Barak (Technion) Title Understanding the brain with models we don’t understand Abstract I will present the common manner in which computational models are used in neuroscience, and then an alternative that combines machine learning, reverse engineering and dynamical systems.\u00a0The talk will touch upon questions such as “What defines a good model?”, “How should we compare models to data?” and more. Dr. Alik Pelman (Technion), Dr.Alon\u00a0Shepon (TAU), Dr.Jerke de Vries (Van Hall Larenstein), Dr.Sigal Teper\u00a0(Tel-Hai) Title What is the Most Environmental (Healthy) Nutrition? Comparing a case study of self-sufficient farming to common industrial alternatives Abstract Providing food security to feed a growing population with reduced environmental impacts and resilient to climate change is an ongoing challenge. Here, we detail a low-input subsistence Mediterranean agroforestry system that is based on traditional annual crop rotation and perennial shrubs and trees and provides adequate nutritional supply with limited labor and using reduced land and on-site water resources. Our records span a 9 year time period in which 0.1 of hectare provided a balanced diet to the producing farmer, in effect closing a full farm-table-farm cycle,\u00a0with no synthetic fertilizers or herbicides and with zero waste. Situated within a semi-arid region that is a climate change \u2018hotspot\u2019 this food system serves as a case study to further examine food production systems that provide healthy diets with lower environmental impacts and greater agrobiodiversity and resilience than conventional industrial farming practices and even organic ones.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/courses\/archive-seminars\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/courses\/archive-seminars\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/courses\/archive-seminars\/\",\"name\":\"\u05d0\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df Seminars (Including recordings of the seminars) - \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/courses\/archive-seminars\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/courses\/archive-seminars\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Seminars (Including recordings of the seminars)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/\",\"name\":\"\u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u05d0\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df Seminars (Including recordings of the seminars) - \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/courses\/archive-seminars\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u05d0\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df Seminars (Including recordings of the seminars) - \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea","og_description":"\u00a0 Click here for the recordings of the seminars 2025\/6 Click here for the recordings of the seminars 2024\/5 Winter Semester 2025\/6 Dancing from the chair:\u00a0From motor empathy to social understanding Dr. Vered Aviv |\u00a0Bezalel Academy of Art and Design Abstract: Humans are highly proficient at perceiving and interpreting movement of other human, yet individuals differ substantially in their neural and bodily responses to it. This lecture explores the cognitive and sensorimotor mechanisms recruited when spectators watch another person in motion, with a particular focus on viewing dance. We will examine how the visual system encodes complex movement sequences and how the observer\u2019s motor system becomes spontaneously engaged – even in the absence of overt action. Special attention will be given to the \u201cmirror-neuron system,\u201d a specialized group of motor cortical neurons active during both action execution and that \u201cmirrors\u201d the actions and behavior of others, and to current debates about the role of this system in social understanding and empathy. We will also consider how prior motor expertise and embodied experience shape spectators\u2019 identification with, and comprehension of, a dancer\u2019s movements, as well as our automatic tendency to attribute intentions to others. By highlighting both shared patterns and individual differences in neural and physiological responses to a moving dancer, the lecture will reveal how simply watching dance becomes a deeply embodied act in which perception, action, and emotion are inseparably intertwined – so much so that we often find ourselves \u201cdancing from the chair.\u201d Clemence Paulin Pinel, Ben-Gurion University Title: The experimentality of Real-World Evidence Studies: Turning populations into value Abstract: In January 2021, as the first vaccines were coming to the market, Israel signed an agreement with pharmaceutical company Pfizer. It guaranteed Israel the quick delivery of vaccines, while in exchange, the country committed to systematically collect and share medical statistics with Pfizer about the effectiveness of the vaccine and its sides effects on a population-scale. At the heart of this collaboration is the collection and analysis of \u2018Real-World Data\u2019 (RWD), a term commonly used to refer to routinely collected data relating to patients\u2019 health and the delivery of healthcare originating from a range of sources other than traditional clinical trials. RWD are increasingly used by regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies to produce evidence about medical interventions. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with Israeli public health officials, policy makers and statisticians involved in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, and borrowing Adriana Petryna\u2019s concept of \u2018experimentality\u2019 (2009), I critically unfold what enabled Israel to turn its population into experimental bodies from which data could be accumulated, traded and turned into value. David M. Greenberg, Cambridge University Title – Music as Social Medicine: From Ancient Rituals to Modern AI Abstract Modern life\u2014shaped by constant smartphone use and digital communication\u2014has led to what many call a \u201cloneliness pandemic,\u201d a crisis of rising mental-health challenges and social division in Israel and around the world. I propose that part of the remedy lies in reviving the social mechanisms inherent in music, mechanisms that have been central to human culture since our earliest history. Rather than treating music solely as a source of individual pleasure and dopaminergic reward, we can return to its deep-seated function of stimulating systems linked to oxytocin, cortisol regulation, and the brain\u2019s language networks to foster human connection. I will introduce AI-driven diagnostic screening and therapeutic tools that analyze audio patterns to detect risk for social isolation and guide music-based interventions. This combination of social music-making and machine learning extends to applications in autism and broader neurodivergence, offering a vision of music as a modern form of social medicine. Prof. Oded Rechavi from Tel-Aviv University | \u00a0“Can memory be inherited, and what are the limits of the brain?” Abstract In C. elegans nematodes, dedicated machinery enables transmission of small RNAs which regulate gene expression across multiple generations, independently of changes to the DNA sequence. Different environmental challenges, including exposure to starvation, genomic parasites, pathogens, and heat stress generate heritable small RNA responses, that in certain cases might be adaptive. Recently we have also shown that neuronal processes can produce small RNA-mediated heritable responses, and that the decisions that the progeny makes are affected by whether their ancestors experienced stress or not. I will discuss the underlying mechanisms, and the potential of small RNA inheritance to affect the worms\u2019 fate. Lastly, I will examine how these new findings might change our view of the process of evolution and the limits of inheritance and provide evidence that transgenerational inheritance of small RNAs occurs also in other, very different organisms. Spring Semester 2025 Speaker: Dr. Daniel Marom, Technion Title: A New Perspective on the Role of Humanities in the Education of Professionals Venue: Room 10, First Floor, Humanities and Arts Building Abstract: The overbearing weight of economic forces has created ruptures in the contract between society, professions, and higher education, thereby engendering crises in each of the three arenas. These crises offer an opportunity to reformulate the contract and give birth to a new and more fruitful alliance. Humanities can take a central role in this process if they reconceptualize their potential contribution to the education of professionals and reorient themselves to realizing it in practice. This claim will be shared and delineated in the seminar, based on insights from a decade long effort in the training of educational leaders in diverse professions including medicine, law, psychotherapy, social work, spiritual counselling and recently engineering. Speaker: Prof. Andreas Blank, Alpen-Adria Universit\u00e4t Klagenfurt Title:\u00a0Hobbes, Pierre Nicole, and the Question of Dissimulation as Recognition Abstract:\u00a0 This paper takes a comparative approach to a positive function that Thomas Hobbes and Thomas Nicole ascribe to dissimulation in personal relationships. In their view, dissimulating the negative judgements that we have about the personal qualities of others should not be seen as a lack of sincerity but rather can fulfill a positive function in social life. Following the norms of civility leaves the self-esteem of others intact, even when one does not believe their feelings of self-worth are well-founded. This attitude toward others can be understood as a kind of recognition in the sense of supporting the self-image of others and thereby respecting one of their most fundamental personal needs. However, Nicole goes beyond Hobbes in analyzing the detrimental effects that complaisance with self-related acts of imagination can have on social life. This can be seen in his treatment of the motivation of conquerors that strongly differs from Hobbes’s attitude toward the politics of conquest. While Hobbes takes an adulatory attitude toward acts of conquest driven by inflated feelings of self-worth, Nicole is aware of the destructive effects of inflated self-esteem. Nicole\u2019s analysis of the limits of the usefulness of dissimulation leads him to develop a complementary conception of recognition based on an insight into shared human weakness. Speaker:\u00a0Prof. Ron Aharoni, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, Technion Title:\u00a0The Cat That Isn\u2019t There Abstract:\u00a0 The question \u201cWhat is philosophy?\u201d is often considered a philosophical question in itself. It absolutely is not. Its meaning is: \u201cWhat characteristics of a discussion do we recognize as philosophical?\u201d\u2014a completely empirical question. The answer is to be found by observing philosophical discussions and the way we label certain discussions as such. In the lecture, I will show that a discussion is perceived as philosophical if it deals with human thought, without separating that thought from the thinking that investigates it. The (necessary!) separation between the investigator and the investigated\u2014meaning the attribution of the problem to someone else, distinct from the one investigating\u2014eliminates any philosophical problem, or turns it into an ordinary question about reality. Speaker:\u00a0Prof. Dori Derdikman, Technion Title:\u00a0The brain\u2019s cognitive map: where we were, where we are, and where we\u2019re going to Abstract:\u00a0 Place cells have been discovered more than 50 years, but are still an enigma. It is thought that they are useful to create an internal representation of where we are, termed the “cognitive map”. In the lecture I will discuss several issues that bug me and my students, related to our cognitive map. First, the issue of how the cognitive map transforms from one environment to another. Second – How stable is the cognitive map, and what does that tell us about representations, and third, I will discuss preliminary results we have on the connection between the cognitive map and territoriality in the brain. Speaker:\u00a0Prof. Ohad Parnes, Max Planck Institute\u00a0for the History of Science Title:\u00a0History of Science in the Age of Artificial Intelligence Abstract This talk explores the relationship between the history of science and recent developments in artificial intelligence, with a particular focus on large language models. It offers a brief overview of major transformations in the field over the past fifty years and highlights some of the leading currents shaping the discipline today. Rather than presenting AI solely as an object of critique, the talk considers how these technologies might also serve as resources for historical inquiry and conceptual experimentation. It argues that recent developments in AI not only raise new challenges for historical research but may also open up novel methodological possibilities\u2014tools that can contribute to a deeper understanding of both the history of science and the new technology. \u00a0Speaker – Dr. Tzipora Rakedzon Title: – From Rubrics to Robots: The Transformation of STEM Writing Instruction, Assessment and Research Abstract Writing is one of the most challenging language skills to master, yet it is essential for academic success. Therefore, many universities offer academic writing courses to support students and future researchers in effectively communicating and publishing their work. Similarly, science communication courses provide researchers with the skills to engage broader audiences and enhance the dissemination of their findings beyond their academic community. To maximize the effectiveness of such training, it is crucial to design and assess these courses carefully. Consequently, research in academic and science communication focuses on identifying the most effective ways to support researchers in developing their writing skills and evaluating the impact of various instructional approaches – a central focus of my work. In this seminar, I will present my research on science communication and academic writing in STEM, situating it within the broader development of writing instruction, assessment, and research. To frame this discussion, I will trace the progression of assessment methods in pedagogy and research – from human-scored rubrics and standardized evaluations to computational approaches such as corpus linguistics, natural language processing (NLP), and machine learning (ML). These technological advancements have enabled large-scale writing analysis, paving the way for AI-driven assessment tools that provide real-time text generation and personalized feedback. By examining these developments, I will highlight how AI has been integrated into my work and the broader field, shaping the way STEM graduate students develop their communication skills and how their writing is assessed. Winter Semester 2025\u00a0 Speaker: Dr.\u00a0Topaz Halperin, Harvard University\u00a0 Title: Connecting Abstract Models with Empirical Evidence: The Role of Interpretation Abstract How can abstract theoretical models be meaningfully connected to empirical evidence? My work addresses this foundational question by investigating how biological models are applied in practice. In this talk, I will focus on the case study of kin selection models, which seek to explain the evolution of biological altruism. In these models, altruism is defined as behavior that benefits others at a reproductive cost. However, my findings reveal that applying these models empirically requires significant interpretation, particularly in attributing agency and causal responsibility to identify the \u2018altruistic\u2019 organism. I argue that these interpretations are often influenced by intuitions from the human domain, raising questions about whether empirical data can reliably distinguish biological altruism from parasitism. Ultimately, my work underscores the critical but often underappreciated role of interpretation in bridging abstract theory with empirical evidence. Speaker: Dr.\u00a0Assaf Weksler\u00a0 Title: Criterion Shifts and the Metaphysics of Sensory Experience Abstract In the framework of Signal Detection Theory, participants tasked with reporting whether a stimulus is present compare the intensity of their internal sensory response to a predefined criterion. If the sensory response exceeds the criterion, they report “stimulus present”; if it falls below, they report “stimulus absent.” Criteria sometimes shift. For instance, research has shown that participants adopt a liberal criterion (compared to the default neutral one) in the periphery of the visual field, leading to over-reporting the presence of stimuli in that region\u2014an effect called \u2018inflation\u2019. Psychologists and philosophers of cognitive science debate how such criterion shifts should be interpreted. Are they experiential (in inflation, subjects have more experiences) or post-experiential (in inflation, subjects merely report the presence of stimuli more frequently without any change in experience)? The debate has significant implications for topics such as cognitive penetrability, the richness of phenomenology, blindsight, and scientific theories of consciousness. So far, the evidence presented in the debate has been purely empirical. In this talk I argue that the metaphysics of sensory experience bears on this issue. Specifically, I argue that Teleological Phenomenal Externalism\u2014the (metaphysical) view that an experience as of an F is constituted by a brain state whose function is to track Fs\u2014conflicts with the post-experiential interpretation of criterion shifts. Very roughly, the conflict is as follows. The post-experiential interpretation implies that, in detection tasks, neural responses falling below the criterion give rise to experiences and contribute to survival\/inclusive fitness by tracking the absence of a stimulus. In contrast, Teleological Phenomenal Externalism implies that, because these neuronal responses give rise to experiences, they contribute to survival\/inclusive fitness by tracking the presence of a stimulus. The argument leads to the construction of a new \u201cbridge\u201d linking the metaphysics of sensory experience with the scientific study of consciousness. It is possible to walk over the bridge in both directions, i.e., to use Teleological Phenomenal Externalism against the post-experiential interpretation of criterion shifts, or vice versa. Speaker: Dr.\u00a0Matthew Perkins-McVey, Bar-Ilan University\u00a0 Title:\u00a0Intoxication as Knowing and Making: Reimagining the History and Philosophy of the Bio-Medical Sciences Abstract What is so special about intoxication? No doubt, intoxicants steal into our hearts and minds, bending our perception and moving our bodies. But there is more to intoxication than first meets the eye. This presentation will discuss how potent intoxicants not only participated directly in a vast array of scientific investigations over the course of the long 19th century. It will explore how the powerful mind-states they induce represented an epistemically constitutive force in the emergence of the biological subject, making loose conceptual associations real in the experience of intoxicated knowing. Shockingly, scientific investigations featuring intoxicants further proved deeply influential for late-19th century philosophers and social theorists of the body, including Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, and Max Weber. Turning to the 20th century, this leaves many questions concerning how the concept of intoxicating substances may have directly affected the concept of neurochemical substances which intoxicate. Popular discourse surrounding neurotransmitters has come to dominate the representative lexicon of emotional life. Neurotransmitters have taken over our not only our brains, but our minds, our language, our ways of being a self. Music no longer excites; it \u2018gives you dopamine.\u2019 Here, I discuss how intoxication informed the ontology of a body and mind that run on soup, rather than sparks. In doing so, we gain insight into how drugs are defined in particular settings and how these definitional commitments inform their behaviour in the course of experimental investigation, engendering different kinds of bio-medical possibility. For all this can tell us about the emergence of modern bio-medical selfhood, it raises a burning question: if particular drugs have been so many things to so many people, what can history really tell us about a phenomenon mediated by \u2018hard\u2019 physiological processes, by proteins, membranes, and receptors? Peering through the annals of the 18th and 19th centuries, we catch glimpses of stimulating opiates and narcotizing stimulants. Looking to the future, I outline a bold new research program, one centred on the global history of discrete forms of intoxication. Uncovering divergent encounters with given intoxicants in Europe, East Asia, India, and the Near East, we begin to develop a sense of the profoundly historical dimension of intoxication, bringing these observations into conversation with modern neurochemical concepts. Speaker: Dr Melanie Salvi, Humanities and Arts, Technion Title: Infinity in nature: the relationship between finite modes and infinite Substance in Spinoza Abstract In this presentation I discuss the problematic relationship between the finite and the infinite in Spinoza. While, finite things, modes, must be grounded in infinite Substance in some way, it appears that for Spinoza, only infinity can follow from infinity. The tension between these diverging claims is compounded with Spinoza\u2019s attribution of antithetical features to finite modes and infinite Substance. To address this problem, I introduce and evaluate three solutions which have been presented in the literature. The first is to deny the reality of modes; the second is to claim that two causal chains contribute to the production of finite modes in such a way that the infinite only causes the infinite, yet the causal activity of Substance is connected in a clear manner to the creation of finite things; finally, it is possible to give a description of modes in which they inherit the infinity of Substance while remaining finite in a relevant sense. Speaker: Dr. Zeev Goldschmidt, Humanities and Arts, Technion Title: The Norm of Assertion Is Not Epistemic Abstract:\u00a0In this paper, I argue that the norm of assertion is not epistemic. I apply Schroeder\u2019s (2021) distinction between \u03d5-ing right and \u03d5-ing well to the case of assertion and consider the notion of asserting well \u2013 asserting permissibly with the right kind of motivation. The argument is composed of two parts. First, I demonstrate that if the norm of assertion is epistemic then asserting well requires one to be motivated to assert by facts about one\u2019s mental states. Second, I argue that asserting well cannot require this motivation, and therefore the norm of assertion is not epistemic. Speaker: Dr Leora Sung, Humanities and Arts Technion Title: Partiality Towards the Present\u00a0 Abstract Many philosophers think that caring more about the welfare of people to the extent that they are nearer to us in time is a reprehensible practice. The basic moral argument against a positive rate of pure time preference is that a person\u2019s place in time should not affect that person\u2019s moral status. However, we do not need to regard location in time as conferring on people extra or reduced moral status to justify partiality towards people nearer to us in time. If we have grounds to justify partiality towards people nearer to us in time, we would be morally permitted to care more about the welfare of present people, without conferring a reduced moral status on future people. I defend the position that we are morally permitted, or even morally required, to prioritise the needs of the present. Appealing to our tendencies to be biased towards the near future when it comes to our own interests, I argue that we are, at least, morally permitted to display near-future bias when it comes to the interests of others because of how this relates to our appropriate concern for them. This other-directed near-future bias justifies our partiality towards the present over the distant future, permitting us to prioritise the welfare of present people over the welfare of those to exist in the far-distant future. I also argue that given our partiality towards the present, there are specific agential costs associated with forgoing helping our contemporaries for the sake of the far-distant future, including a requirement to go against the widely accepted moral principle of treating others the way we would want to be treated ourselves. Finally, I address two potential objections: 1) the hinge of history hypothesis puts us in an exceptional position that requires us to abandon our partiality towards the present; and 2) the high axiological stakes introduced by a view known as \u201clongtermism\u201d means that whatever partiality towards the present is vastly outweighed by the goodness we can bring about through long-term interventions. Speaker: Dr. Daniel A. Di Liscia, LMU Munich and Humanities and Arts Technion Title: Concepts in Motion: Late Medieval Interdisciplinarity and the Rise of Modern Science Abstract According to the Aristotelian tradition, physics, mathematics, and metaphysics are three distinct speculative disciplines, each with its own approach and, especially, distinct objects of research. These disciplines cannot be combined without causing serious complications. However, Aristotle addresses the particular case of certain disciplines that derive their principles from pure mathematics but focus on natural objects; music, astronomy, and optics are typical examples, though for different reasons in each case. From the 13th century onward, these fields became collectively known as scientiae mediae, or “middle sciences,\u201d as they are epistemologically situated somewhere between mathematics and physics. Galileo still referenced them in his Discorsi. With this background, scholars have questioned whether the work of the “calculators,\u201d which essentially involves the mathematization of motion, could be understood as a particular case of the middle sciences. Disappointingly, however, no definitive proof has yet been provided within this context. Nonetheless, the later development of this tradition clearly indicates that the concept of mathematizing motion evolved into a new discipline, later called the science of the latitude of forms (scientia de latitudinibus formarum). In my talk, I will present several pieces of evidence for the historical fact that the inclusion of the text De latitudinibus formarum in university curricula paved the way for a new, geometry-based science of motion, which its proponents themselves identified as a scientia media. I will substantiate this argument with both texts I have previously cited in my published works and others that have, until now, remained unknown. Spring Semester 2024 Speaker: Dr. Enrico Piergiacomi, Humanities and Arts, Technion Title: Infinite Scepticism: Digital Atomism and the Case Study of Metrodorus of Chios Abstract Democritus\u2019 pupil Metrodorus of Chios (4th century BC) is ascribed with embracing seemingly contradictory perspectives according to ancient sources. While he exhibited an extremely sceptical stance on epistemology, asserting that \u00abnone of us knows anything, and not even this, whether we know it or do not know it\u00bb, he simultaneously endorsed scientific doctrines in the realm of physics, such as atomism, the infinitude of the universe, and a mechanistic explanation for natural phenomena. This apparent schism between his views on physics and epistemology raises the question of why Metrodorus felt justified in making assertions about the nature and processes of the world despite his profound epistemic scepticism. This paper aims to propose that Metrodorus paradoxically based his sceptical outlook on atomism. In another fragment, Metrodorus posited that the causes of things and events are infinite, suggesting that every finite entity has both a physical foundation and a transcendent source of existence. This idea of infinitude serves as the grounding for both the continuous infinite changes observed in experience (qualitatively and quantitatively) and the justification for epistemic doubt. If the causes of an event are infinite and the human mind is finite, our understanding can only capture a fraction of the causal spectrum beyond any given phenomenon. In other words, truth remains indeterminate. This hypothesis also elucidates why Metrodorus doubted whether we truly ignore something, namely that we may unknowingly possess knowledge. The enigmatic statement \u00abwhether we know it or do not know it\u00bb could imply that we have possibly discerned the causes of a particular phenomenon within the infinite causal spectrum. However, we may be oblivious to this knowledge due to the overwhelming nature of infinitude. In conclusion, I propose that Metrodorus\u2019 sceptical epistemology and atomistic physics were interconnected in an unconventional manner. The concept of infinitude serves as a natural premise leading to a tentative and indeterminate perspective on nature, subject to constant revision as more infinite causes of reality are comprehended. Speaker: Prof. Oded Ezer, Holon Institute of Technology \u00a0 Title: The Intersection of the Art of Typography, Technology, and Human Experience Abstract In this seminar, I will provide insights into the core creative concepts and methodologies behind integrating typography, fiction, and contemporary visual practices. The seminar will start with a brief history of typography and include descriptions and examples of my professional and creative work. I will also explore potential collaborative opportunities and future projects. My goal is to inspire interdisciplinary collaborations that blend artistic methods with fields such as cognition, computer science, biotechnology, mathematics, education, data and decision sciences, physics, and engineering to enhance experimental narratives. I will showcase the potential for innovative joint projects and encourage discussions on new interdisciplinary partnerships. Speaker: Dr. David Manheim, Humanities and Arts, Technion Title: Cooperating with Stochastic Parrots Abstract Large Language Models are a significant new technology both technologically and socially, but what they are, exactly, and how we should view them now and as they become more sophisticated and integrated into social and business interactions in the near-term is still unclear. After reviewing what LLMs are, and why they are considered “Stochastic Parrots” by some experts, this talk will first make a case that cooperation is a relevant concept for interacting with these models, even if they are not moral actors. Following this, the presentation will consider whether the characterization as stochastic parrots is reasonable from the perspectives of computational complexity and theory of mind, and raise some of the questions related to whether they should be considered moral actors, specifically regarding agency, intent, and consciousness. It will conclude with some thoughts on critical open questions for if and when they are considered moral actors socially, ethically, and societally. Speaker: Dr. Eliyahu Keller,\u00a0Architecture and Town Planning, Technion Title: On Architectural Origins and Ends: Raimund Abraham\u2019s Birth of Architecture Abstract Stories of the origin of architecture are more than mere tales. Rather, they are textual, visual, and representational devices not only of what architecture, as a profession and a discipline, aspires to be, but of the world in which architecture operates, the subjects\u2014whether architect or user\u2014 it imagines, and the kind of culture which it sought, in retrospect, to construct around and by virtue of itself. By depicting an origin against which architecture is established, such stories seek to legitimize, concretize, and give meaning to all architectural acts that followed that once primordial act. Equally intriguing, yet scarcely investigated in comparison to architecture\u2019s imaginary beginnings, are the tales and images of architecture\u2019s end. Indeed, it could be argued that to imagine the ultimate demise of a discipline so self-preoccupied, if not obsessed with its own beginnings, would constitute a contradiction in terms. And yet, as literary scholar Frank Kermode noted, if we are to understand our place in the middle, one must take into account not only how a thing begins but how it emphatically terminates. If the origins of architecture, then, are to have a function within the discipline\u2019s story, and if the discipline itself is to have a future, then a certain formation of architecture must come to an end. My lecture will the entanglement of architecture\u2019s origins and ends through a reading of several noted architectural origin myths against a more recent work that belongs to this tradition: the last published work of the Austrian-born visionary draftsmen and architect, Raimund Abraham, titled \u2018The Birth of Architecture\u2019 (2009). Building on the extant literature and countless interpretations surrounding the history of architectural origin myths, as well as an exploration of Abraham\u2019s career and personal history, I will posit Abraham\u2019s drawing as the conclusion to the origins coming out of the Enlightenment and their conception of architecture\u2019s relationship to nature. Out of this examination, Abraham\u2019s Birth of Architecture emerges not only as the ultimate conclusion to the centuries-old Western story of nature\u2019s subjugation but the first chapter in a future history of architecture that emerges from a recognition of the destruction that has been demanded by human progress; an origin story for an architecture in a world in which the traditional conception of nature no longer exists. Speaker: Dr. Maayan Tsadka Title: Acoustic Ecology and how to expand our hearing Abstract Coming from a practice of music composition, sound and field recording, I will share some of my practices\/thoughts about using microphones, technology and listening techniques\u00a0as means for augmenting our hearing\/listening\/perception. I will\u00a0share some of my creative projects and perspectives from the growing field of acoustic ecology and the use of sound recording as a research and creative tool. Speaker: Dr. Nir Ofek, Network Biology Research Lab, Technion Title:\u00a0The Feedback Loop of Synchrony: Emergence in Group Dynamics and Its Influential Effects Abstract Synchrony is the phenomenon where individuals within a group exhibit simultaneous, coordinated behavior. In this talk, I will present our ongoing research: how synchrony impacts individual identity transformation and its significance for resilience and social cohesion. To\u00a0understand how synchrony emerges, we will present our further approach to identify the role of different connectivity setup\u2014close-loop versus open-loop\u2014in facilitating or hindering group synchrony. Speaker: Dr. Orit Wolf, Humanities and Arts, Technion Title: The Art of “Cadenza” Writing for Classical Concerto – from Mozart and Beethoven’s Era up to the 21st century Abstract The “Cadenza” is perhaps the most precious part of the concerto from the classical era, where composers such as Mozart and Beethoven enabled the soloist to express virtuosity and reflections upon the thematic material of the given musical text. \u00a0This was an opportunity for the soloist to play alone while the orchestra was silent. While those classical Masters have offered their examples of cadenzas, they both emphasized the importance of the performer writing or improvising his\/ her own cadenza. \u00a0 Accordingly, “Romantic” style cadenzas composed for classical piano concertos have taken off the cadenza into new realms of daring and creativity. There is a rich tradition spanning from the cadenzas written by Clara Schumann, Busoni, and Brahms to the contributions of contemporary composers and improvisers. Strangely enough, during the 20th century, cadenza writing declined and suffered from over-conservativism. This prompts several critical questions for performers and scholars alike: Should we adhere to the cadenzas recommended by the original composers, or should we endeavor to create our own? What are the established conventions for composing or improvising a cadenza for a classical concerto? Additionally, what stylistic approach should be employed: that of the original composer or a more modern or personally favoured style? \u00a0Which thematic materials should be incorporated, and in what manner? Is there a prescribed duration for the cadenza, or is it inherently a free-form structure? These questions are not only essential for a comprehensive understanding of the function of the cadenza but are also essential to shape future performance practice of modern cadenzas for classical concertos. Winter Semester\u00a02024 Speaker: Dr. Christian Beck, Technion Title: Into the Tension between Quantum Nonlocality and Relativistic Space-Time Abstract In this talk, I will give an overview of two rival aspects of two of our most fundamental physical theories, quantum theory and relativity. Quantum entanglement leads to nonlocal (superluminal) correlations between distant events. Bell\u2019s theorem establishes that these correlations cannot be explained by local common causes. But according to Einsteinian relativity, there is no absolute temporal order between such events; different \u201cobservers\u201d disagree on which occurs first. Hence, any explanation of the correlations in terms of \u201ccause\u201d and \u201ceffect\u201d would be relative to a frame of reference. To guarantee that this tension between quantum nonlocality and relativity does not lead to inconsistencies, certain constraints are imposed on relativistic quantum theories (local commutativity) which guarantee that quantum nonlocality cannot be used to send signals faster than light (no-signalling). It is usually argued that the possibility of superluminal signals would give rise to causal paradoxes. I will demonstrate the basic scheme of such paradoxes and argue that – although having valid lines of argument \u2013 they appear to be too anthropocentric to base on them a fundamental physical principle. I will motivate another physical requirement, which I call relativistic consistency, which seems to be better suited than no-signalling but implies the latter. Speaker: Dr. Nir Fresco, Ben Gurion University of the Negev Title: Miscomputation as Malfunction in the Computational Sciences of Mind and Brain Abstract Miscomputation is a deviation from a norm that is set for artificially designed physical systems (e.g., desktops and smartphones), but also for species and organisms. When a system miscomputes, it computes a different mathematical function g, rather than the function, f, which is the norm (i.e., there exists at least one input ix such that g(ix) \u2260 f(ix)). Given the importance of miscomputation in any complete account of physical computation, few works have dealt with this phenomenon explicitly (e.g., Colombo, 2021; Dewhurst, 2014; Fresco & Primiero, 2013; Petricek, 2017; Piccinini, 2015; Primiero, 2020; Tucker, 2018). In contrast to artificial computing systems, there are no design specifications according to which the behaviour of a biological system can be classified as correct or incorrect. How then should miscomputation be construed in the computational sciences of mind and brain? Is any appeal to \u2018miscomputation\u2019 in these sciences merely instrumental? Is this usage aligned with how \u2018miscomputation\u2019 is used in computer science and engineering? These questions remain open. Surprisingly, most normative accounts of computation in the philosophical literature face a dilemma: either there is no such thing as miscomputation, or it cannot be explained. Speaker: Dr.\u00a0Alik Pelman, Humanities and Arts, Technion Title: Meta-Philosophy as Intellectual Peace-Making Abstract:\u00a0 When faced with a philosophical controversy, philosophers normally tend to decide what view they are siding with, and then provide arguments for that view and against the competing ones. However, one can adopt a different stance, a meta-philosophical stance, and search instead for common \u2018building blocks\u2019 from which the different competing views can all be reconstructed. Such a set of building blocks allows the generation of a common logical space of possibilities, on which the different existing views can be located, and thus analysed, compared, and contrasted. In addition, such a \u2018map\u2019 reveals new possible views yet to be taken. The challenge, of course, is to come up with an appropriate set of building blocks for a given set of competing views. In this talk, I shall propose several such meta-philosophical analyses, applied to debates in the philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, environmental ethics, and metaphysics. We shall also witness that, once placing a set of different competing views on such a common \u2018map\u2019, and thus gaining a more objective, impartial overall perspective, it often becomes less attractive to choose one side over the other, thereby fostering \u2018peace-making\u2019. I look forward to meeting you on Wednesday, Speaker: Dr.\u00a0Ariel Furstenberg, Hebrew University Title: How committed are we to our intentions? From electrophysiology to free-will Abstract:\u00a0 In a famous philosophical paradox, Buridan’s ass starves to death, because, placed equally between two identical stacks of hay, it cannot make up its mind whether to approach the right or the left haystack. We are faced daily with the need to pick between alternatives that are equally attractive (or not) to us.What are the processes that allow us to avoid paralysis and quickly choose between such equal options when there are no preferences or rational reasons to rely on?\u00a0This is an empirical question with significant philosophical implications regarding issues of intentionality, human agency, free will and self-control. In this talk, I will present experiments addressing this important phenomenon using measures of human behavior, electrophysiology and neural network modeling, and discuss the cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in the process of intention formation and execution, in the face of alternatives to choose from. Specifically, I will show results revealing the temporal dynamics of rapid intention formation and, moreover, \u2018change of intention\u2019 in a free choice picking scenario, in which the alternatives are on par for the participant. Furthermore, I will claim that arbitrary decisions, arguably based on a whim, are subject to similar control mechanisms as reasoned decisions. With these results in hand, I plan to discuss their conceptual implications, focusing primarily on the notions of intention, reasons and causes and their ensuing conceptual change. This discussion proposes a refinement of broader conceptions encompassing human agency, free will, and self-control. Speaker: Dr. Daniel Grimmer, University of Oxford Title: In Search of New Spacetimes: From Unofficially Humean Laws to a Kantian Spacetime Abstract:\u00a0 What, if any, can help us explain how nature facilitates the dynamical behavior of matter? One might attempt to answer this question via a straightforward metaphysical reading of our best physical theories. If taken literally, our best theories say that there exist things such as space, time, and laws of nature which govern the world’s events and which give them a stage upon which to happen. But do we have to read our ontological commitments off of our theories so literally? Not every aspect of our best theories is taken so literally. For instance, given a theory described in one coordinate system, we have the mathematical tools to easily redescribe it in a wide variety of alternate coordinate systems (or even using no coordinates whatsoever). This strong capacity for coordinate redescription leads us to believe that coordinate systems are merely a representational artifact which we project onto the world as a means of organizing and codifying its regularities. But what if we could also redescribe our best physical theories using different laws of nature or as being set on different spacetime manifolds (e.g,. a Mobius strip vs a Euclidean plane)? What if we could do this just as easily as we can switch between different coordinate systems? In some recent work [1-3], I have shown that we can! In this talk I will argue that given this strong capacity for nomological and spatiotemporal redescription, we ought to adopt a (roughly) Humean view of the laws of nature and a (roughly) Kantian view of space and time. The laws of nature which appear in our best physical theories do not correspond to any active governing force out there in the world; Instead, the laws have the metaphysical relevance that they do only because they are a particularly nice way of systematizing the dynamical behavior of matter. Similarly, the spacetime manifold which appears in our best physical theories does not correspond to any sort of stage upon which the world’s drama plays out; Instead, space and time have the metaphysical relevance that they do only because they are particularly nice ways of organizing and codifying the dynamical behavior of matter. Speaker: Dr. Alex Blum,\u00a0Max Planck Institute Title: Inconsistency in Fundamental Physics Abstract:\u00a0 Quantum Field Theory is the foundation of the Standard Model of Particle Physics, our current best theory of microscopic matter and interactions. It has also been hailed as the numerically most precise theory in the history of science. Yet from its first construction in the late 1940s, the mathematical consistency of this theory was called into question and debated. In my talk, I will analyze the origins of these doubts, why they ultimately remained unresolved, and what they mean for the practice of fundamental physics and for the prospects of ultimately finding a final theory of “everything”. Speaker: Dr. Janina Wellmann,\u00a0Max Planck Institute Berlin Title: Registering Life in Motion. A Challenge to the Sciences and Humanities Abstract:\u00a0 Motion, previously marginalized, is now at the core of organic life. On the subcellular and molecular level, in the inner life of cells, where cargoes are delivered, molecules transported, and organelles displaced, movement turns out to be the root of all activity. Computer animations, high-resolution microscopy and mathematical simulation reveal the organism in maximal motion, but they are also the conditio sine qua non for a world of research that can no longer think, calculate, or experiment without moving images. In my talk, I will investigate the consequences, which the new conception of life as constant becoming has for the sciences and humanities alike. I argue that not only does modern biotechnology face fundamental experimental, technological and conceptual challenges, and do the humanities provide tools and perspectives to contribute to their understanding, but also that these challenges can best be faced in dialogue and mutual enrichment. Speaker: Dr. Guy Hetzroni, The Open University of Israel Title: Einstein\u2019s Principle of Equivalence and the Empirical Basis for Theoretical Arguments Abstract: The interplay of empirical and theoretical considerations in contemporary fundamental physics poses various challenges to the philosophy of science. This talk will offer new reflections on these challenges, based on a new account of certain theoretical methods applied in Einstein\u2019s general theory of relativity and in particle physics. In his early expositions of general relativity, Albert Einstein presented his principle of equivalence as an empirical observation extended and promoted to a fundamental principle that underlies the construction of the theory. The content of the principle, however, was soon brought into question together with its very validity in the theory. Einstein later abandoned this early presentation of the theory altogether. By the late 1920s he described the construction of the theory as indicating a radical break in theoretical physics, away from inductive reasoning and towards mathematically based patterns of reasoning and non-empirical guiding principles. In parallel, the philosophical reflections on the epistemological foundations of the theory shaped the fundamental divides in early 20th century philosophy of science. These debates are echoed in contemporary debates in the philosophy of physics on the epistemic status of theoretical virtues and principles, and the justification of theories based on them. In this talk I will revisit the relation between the early debates and the current ones. The discussion will be based on the new “methodological equivalence principle”, a suggested generalization of Einstein’s principle from which the basic structure of general relativity, it is shown, can be derived in a way that maximizes the weight of empirically based considerations. \u00a0The same principle is then shown as underlying the applicability of the gauge argument in particle physics, similarly highlighting the role of empirical considerations and resolving worries related to the applicability of mathematics. \u00a0Finally, I’ll argue that the two cases demonstrate the relevance of heuristic and methodological considerations to foundational questions in the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of science. Speaker: Seth Goldwasser, University of Pittsburgh Title: Standard Aberration: Cancer Biology and the Modeling Account of Function Abstract: Cancer biology features the ascription of normal functions to parts of cancers. At least some ascriptions of function in cancer biology track local normality of parts within the global abnormality of the aberration to which those parts belong. That is, cancer biologists identify as functions activities that, in some sense, parts of cancers are supposed to perform, despite cancers themselves having no purpose. This talk provides a theory to accommodate these normal function ascriptions\u2014I call it the Modeling Account of Normal Function (MA). MA comprises two claims. First, normal functions are activities whose performance by the function-bearing part contributes to the self-maintenance of the whole system and, thereby, results in the continued presence of that part. Second, MA holds that there is a class of models of system-level activities (partly) constitutive of self-maintenance members of which are improved by including a representation of the relevant function-bearing part and by making reference to some activity which that part performs, where that activity contributes to those system-level activities. I contrast MA with two other accounts that seek to explicate the ascription of normal functions in biology, namely, the organizational account and the selected effects account. Both struggle to extend to cancer biology. However, I offer ecumenical readings which allow them to recover some ascriptions of normal function to parts of cancers. Speaker: \u00a0Dr.\u00a0Lotem Elber-Dorozko,\u00a0Pittsburgh Title:\u00a0How a philosophical definition of purpose in biology can help us identify good models in neuroscience Abstract: In recent years, a variety of neural network models have been extremely successful in predicting brain processes and behavior. Nonetheless, neuroscientists often disagree on whether these suggested models of cognitive capacities indeed capture essential properties of these capacities. In my talk I aim to clarify these debates by noting that attempts to understand cognitive capacities occur under the posit that the brain is a teleological system \u2013 a system that has (at least one) purpose. It seems undeniable that biological organisms have purposes; spiders build webs to catch pray and mice pups emit sounds to call their mom, for example. Even so, philosophers and scientists have debated for centuries how to define and assign such purpose and have not reached agreement. Although this teleological view of the brain is an essential part of neuroscience, the difficulties it raises are rarely explicitly invoked in scientific discourse. Considering teleology with relation to neuroscientific practice sheds light on the source of the inherent vagueness that surrounds the delineation of cognitive capacities. Furthermore, it suggests that neuroscientists cannot rely on prediction of behavior and brain processes alone to support their models. Instead, models of purposeful behavior should also be assessed relative to the history that caused the capacity to be brought forth. I take object recognition and recent convolutional neural networks models of this capacity as a case study to demonstrate these points and suggest several concrete ways in which neuroscientific practice can be amended. Speaker: \u00a0Dr.\u00a0Hisham Abdulhalim,\u00a0Technion Title: Denied by an (Unexplainable) Algorithm: Teleological Explanations for Algorithmic Decisions Enhance Customer Satisfaction Abstract: Automated algorithmic decision-making has become commonplace, with firms implementing either rule-based or statistical models to determine whether to provide services to customers based on their past behaviors and characteristics. In response, policymakers are pressing firms to explain these algorithmic decisions. However, many of these algorithms are \u201cunexplainable\u201d because they are too complex for humans to understand. Moreover, legal or commercial considerations often preclude explaining algorithmic decision rules. We study consumer responses to goal-oriented, or teleological, explanations, which present the purpose or objective of the algorithm without revealing mechanism information that might help customers reverse or prevent future service denials. In a field experiment with a technology firm and in several online lab experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of teleological explanations and identify conditions when teleological and mechanistic explanations can be equally satisfying. Whereas the epistemic value of explanations is well established, we study how explanations mitigate the negative impact of service denials on customer satisfaction. Yet in situations where companies do not want to, or cannot, reveal the mechanism, we find that teleological explanations create equivalent value through the justifications they may offer. Our results thus show that firms may benefit by offering teleological explanations for unexplainable algorithm behavior, positioning their firms as more ethical than others. Spring semester 2023 Dr. Osvaldo Ottaviani, Technion Title: What role do plants (and living beings) play in the philosophy of Leibniz? Abstract: Without being directly involved in botanical research, Leibniz has always had a strong interest in this subject, as well as all in many investigations about the nature of living beings. In some passages, he also claims that the inquiries of modern investigators (microscopists, anatomists, etc.) on the generation of plants and animals provided new insights not only on the structure of living beings and the universe, but also on the nature and \u00a0the constitution of souls and incorporeal substances. In my talk, I will try to answer the following question: in which sense Leibniz could say that the nature and structure of living beings is of the utmost importance to the establishment of his theory of simple substances or monads? I will move from some recently edited texts where Leibniz is concerned with the nature of some climbing plants, and the rejection of the theory of the spontaneous generation of plants and insects. In both cases, Leibniz defends the universality of the sexual reproduction of living beings (stressing the analogy between plants and animals), while, at the same time, maintaining that living beings are never generated mechanically by something which is not already organic. \u00a0Leibniz’s account of life wants to keep together the following claims: 1) the rejection of spontaneous generation (because nothing organized can be generated from chaos or inorganic matter); \u00a02) the thesis of preformation of all organisms; and 3) their status of \u2018machines\u2019 endowed with an infinity of organs. Thus, Leibniz employs the research and observations of the moderns on the generation of insects, plants, and animals as an empirical confirmation of his metaphysical thesis on \u00a0the infinite complexity of the machines of nature. From the metaphysical point of view, the infinite composition of natural machines explains the sense in which each soul is able to express an infinite universe (like a living mirror of the universe, as Leibniz says). Dr. Assaf Marom,\u00a0Technion Title: Anatomy education in the age of digital reproduction Abstract: Anatomy is a core subject among the basic sciences of medicine, which has been studied in medical schools through dissection ever since anatomy was established as a science several centuries ago. However, since the last quarter of the previous century anatomical education has been undergoing a process of transformation, mainly fueled by the development of medical imaging technology. Consequently, many medical schools have been modifying their courses to an imaging-based education, relying on computer software, medical images, and holograms, among others. While both traditional and imaging-based approaches to anatomical education have advantages and disadvantages, here I discuss the drawbacks of the new approach, arguing that the technological advances we witness provoke scientific, pedagogic, and ethical challenges that should be addressed before rushing to implement them. Dr. Daniel Kunzelmann (University of Basel) Title: Doing fieldwork with(in) surveillance architectures: methodological and ethical implications for digital researchers. Abstract: Social media create seemingly transparent contexts of information. Comments, attitudes and attributions become (often) easily accessible to researchers. Not least for qualitative approaches, this provides an empirical treasure of data offering valuable insights into sometimes very intimate spheres of life. We might understand the virtual spaces in which such data are generated as architectures of surveillance that establish a specific regime of (in)visibility. This conceptual reframing raises some fundamental methodological and research ethics questions anew: Who is allowed to see (and know) for what purpose? And how may this knowledge be generated and disseminated? Using ethnographic material this lecture reflects on some of the challenges that scientists face while conducting research via social media. The main focus will be on the tension between the actors’ wish (or need) for anonymity and a scientific standard that demands the disclosure and traceability of empirical material. A “case-based approach” is presented that makes it possible to uphold established research ethical standards and, at the same time, benefit from the potential of easily accessible material on social media Prof. Catherine Wilson Title: What Use was Science to Philosophy—and What Use is Philosophy\u2019s History to Science?\u00a0 Abstract: It is widely, though not universally believed that philosophy from certain periods is best understood by studying it in the context of the scientific discoveries and hypotheses that preoccupied its authors. I will give a few examples of how to read and misread classical texts in the history of philosophy \u2013Descartes, Leibniz, and Kant, who were essentially philosophers of nature– by taking their scientific context into account. It is also widely, though not universally believed that scientists do not benefit from studying the history of philosophy. I would next like to challenge this view. After professional philosophy (inevitably) detached itself from professional science, many scientists lost the ethical orientation that had guided their predecessors. This orientation must be recovered if we are not to enter a scientific-technological dystopia. Dr. Lior Arbel,\u00a0 Title:\u00a0Music Technology \u2013 Bottom Up Abstract: Can electric guitars, synthesizers and Spotify really be the focus of serious academic research? Yes! In this talk we will take a bottom-up look on the academic discipline of music technology. We\u2019ll start with an overview of Lior Arbel\u2019s work \u2013 the invention and research of several musical instruments, software and hardware. We\u2019ll see how music technology research blends engineering, computer science, human-computer interaction and social sciences. We\u2019ll go on to describe the international music technology discipline and glance at its current state in Israel, or lack thereof. Yoav Beirach | Department of Humanities and Arts Title Pitch, Tone, System:\u00a0 Explaining the Disappearance of the ‘Science of Music’ in Late 17th Century Europe Abstract It is a remarkable fact that almost every important figure of the scientific revolution – including Galileo, Bacon, Kepler, Gassendi, Descartes, Mersenne, Huygens, Newton, and Leibniz \u2013 had devoted intense research, debate, and publication, to the mathematical study of music, and yet that this field of research virtually disappeared off the face of the earth after 150 years. \u00a0How come all mathematical research on the nature of music in Europe ended almost abruptly by the end of the 17th century? My talk will present a few different answers to this puzzle, and will discuss how they relate to each other. It begins by clarifying what does it mean at all to practice a mathematical science of music, and what could it have meant in 16th and 17th Century Europe. This brings to the front how the relationship between practice and theory in music is far more intricate and alluding than one might expect. I will argue that the canonization of the equalized 12-tone system during the 18th century relates to the newly forming science of acoustics, and will show how both could have taken part in forming an idea and practice that condition and govern our most fundamental conceptions and perceptions of music and tonality to this day. Winter semester 2023 Dr. Jonathan Najenson, Technion Title Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) Revisited: Reconsidering the Explanatory Power of Synaptic Efficacy Abstract: Changes in synaptic strength are described as a unifying hypothesis for memory formation and storage, leading philosophers to consider the “synaptic efficacy hypothesis” as a paradigmatic explanation in neuroscience. However, in Craver’s mosaic view, while synaptic efficacy plays a unifying role by integrating diverse fields within a hierarchical mechanism, it does not have explanatory power across distinct memory types. In this talk, I will show how the mechanistic approach can accommodate the explanatory power of this hypothesis by examining its role across different mechanistic hierarchies, which in turn supports the idea of unification. Dr. Oren Bader,\u00a0Technion; Heidelberg\u00a0University Hospital. Title: Neurophenomenology as a research program \u2013 Bridging the gap between philosophy and neuroscience\u00a0(Abstract below). Abstract: Francisco Varela coined the term Neurophenomenology (NP) to suggest a research area that combines phenomenology \u2013 the philosophical study of the structures of subjective experiences with scientific investigations into their underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. Although Varela introduced the concept of NP over 20 years ago, only a\u00a0\u00a0few attempts were made to implement this unique approach in concrete studies. In this talk, I\u2019ll discuss the benefits and limitations of an integrated philosophical and scientific research program for studying subjective experiences by reviewing results from a recent NP study on intergroup empathy. Specifically, I\u2019ll ask can naturalizing phenomenology help bridge the gap between empirical investigations and philosophical approaches and what can be achieved when designing hybrid research. Prof. Emmanuel Farjoun\u00a0 Hebrew University Title: Exponential economic growth: Causes and Costs\u00a0(Abstract below). The talk is based on his recently published book “How Labour powers the global economy\u00a0\u2013 a labor theory of\u00a0capitalism”\u00a0(coauthored by M. Machover and D. Zachariah). Abstract: In this talk, the basic drive of the Capitalist economy to grow will be reduced to basic labor consideration,\u00a0conservation and measures.\u00a0The limits of this growth will be explained: Both lower and upper\u00a0bounds are explored. Real monetary prices do not faithfully reflect social-economic causes and costs. A deeper analysis is needed. Its main tool is a probabilistic reduction of the apparent, easy-to-observe money costs, capital costs, and natural resources cost to labor inputs. These are measured simply by hours of work and are somewhat harder to trace. Labor inputs, in turn, reflect much deeper social-economic realities. The implications, under the present system, to the ecological and the human-social future are shown to be grave. Ways to overcome these grave and inevitable implications will be discussed. Prof. \u00a0Elay Shech Title: Scientific Understanding, Modal Reasoning, and (Infinite) Idealization Abstract: One of the main goals of science is to provide understanding. Yet, the use of idealizations and abstraction in science, which are falsehoods of sorts, is ubiquitous. How can science afford understanding in light of idealizations? How can falsity allow us to understand that truth? In this talk, I attempt to make some headway in answering such questions. Specifically, by appealing to resources found in the scientific understanding literature, I identify in what senses idealizations afford understanding in the context of the (magnetic) Aharonov-Bohm effect. Using this example, which appeals to infinite idealizations, I will suggest that idealizations facilitate modal reasoning in a manner that is essential for understanding both scientific theory and what some phenomenon is supposed to be in the first place. Prof . Aviram Rosochotsky (Tel Aviv University) Title Relationism in Shape Dynamics Abstract: Relationism is a philosophical view according\u00a0to which\u00a0motion consists solely in changes to position relations between material bodies. Consequently, it rules out absolute motions \u2013 those that take place with respect to space and time which (supposedly) exist independently of matter. In my talk I’ll show how Barbour and Bertotti (1982) were able to create a modification of Newton’s theory of gravity which is compatible with the relationist view of motion using a theoretical device called best-matching. I will then review the treatment of motion in Shape Dynamics, which is the generalization of Barbour and Bertotti’s\u00a0approach in a relativistic context. The comparison between the revisions of Newtonian gravity and General Relativity will show\u00a0interesting differences. Winter + Spring semester 2022 Prof. \u00a0Omer Einav (Molad). Title Defending the Goal: Football and the Relations between Jews and Arab in Mandatory Palestine, 1917-1948 Abstract: My research uses the periodization of the Mandate in analyzing relations between the Zionist and Palestinian national movements, in the socio-cultural context. As a research tool, that context with its diverse aspects has been used in recent years as a field for exploring the dynamic created in Mandatory Palestine, between the two societies that lived there, and as a reflection of nationalist aspects at the heart of existing historiography. The focus is the game of football, through which a distinctive angle an attempt is made to examine the development and traits of relations between Jews and Arabs Dr. Lotem Elber-Dorozko (Technion) and Arnon Levy (Hebrew University). Title What is so good about being optimal? On appeals to optimality in the cognitive sciences Abstract: Models in cognitive science often describe people\u2019s behavior as optimal. What are the motivations for such descriptions? We discuss three \u2013 empirical, methodological, and conceptual. The first involves a claim about the power of natural selection, namely that it can be expected to lead many cognitive capacities to be performed optimally, in the sense that they maximize fitness. On this view, appeals to optimality have explanatory value in virtue of background assumptions about evolution. However, we present several interrelated reasons to question the claim that cognitive capacities maximize fitness. Alternatively, optimal models may serve as a good first approximation for the behavior. We suggest that it is more accurate to consider optimal models as idealizations, because \u2018approximation\u2019 suggests that the model can be brought closer (often, arbitrarily closer) to reality, and this does not hold for most cognitive models. It is an open question what can be learned from optimality-based models, construed as idealizations. Finally, we consider a conceptual motivation for viewing people as optimal. Here, the idea is that optimality is part of an attempt to \u201cmake sense of the organism\u201d, to rationalize its behavior. We accept that such a perspective is important, perhaps indispensable in studying minds. But we urge caution about tying it to the notion of optimality or to strong notions of rationality. Dr. Sharon Bassan Title A Proportionality-Based Framework for Government Regulation of Digital Tracing Apps in Times of Emergency Abstract: Times of emergency present an inherent conflict between the public interest and the preservation of individual rights. Such times require granting emergency powers to the government on behalf of the public interest and relaxing safeguards against government actions that infringe rights. The lack of theoretical framework to assess governmental decisions in times of emergency leads to a polarized and politicized discourse about potential policies, and often, to public distrust and lack of compliance. Such a discourse was evident regarding Digital Tracing Apps (\u201cDTAs\u201d), which are apps installed on cellular phones to alert users that they were exposed to people who tested positive for COVID-19. DTAs collect the most sensitive types of information, such as health-related and location or proximity information, which violates the right to privacy and the right to be free of surveillance. This sensitive information is normally legally protected. But in emergencies there are no legal restrictions limiting the collection of such data. The common privacy-law approach supports DTA implementation under the condition that the technology preserves the privacy of users. But this Article suggests that the privacy approach focuses on micro considerations and under-addresses the implications of DTA-based policy. Instead, this Article suggests rethinking DTA implementation during COVID-19 through the doctrine of proportionality. Often used by European Union courts in areas where decisions entail meaningful implications to individual rights, the doctrine offers a clear and workable normative evaluation of tradeoffs in a more nuanced, explicable, and transparent way. Highlighting macro considerations, the doctrine of proportionality suggests that 1) DTA-based policy is less proportionate compared to traditional contact-tracing methods; 2) policies created while relying on smartphones are inequitable and biased; and 3) the sharing of sensitive personal information with private companies will have irreversible social surveillance implications. Additionally, the proportionality method not only provides a flexible methodological tool to evaluate government decisions in times of emergency but also offers an opportunity to examine how governments achieve and justify the acceptance and assimilation of new technological policy measures, which may take societies in new directions. Dr. Paula Reichert (LMU M\u00fcnchen) Title Why does time have a direction? Abstract This talk discusses the physical origin of time directionality. In nature we observe irreversible (i.e. time-directed) processes, like the breaking of an egg, diffusion through cell membranes, and so on, despite the fact that all the fundamental laws of physics are time-symmetric. How can this apparent paradox be resolved? We discuss how macroscopic time asymmetry can be grounded on time-symmetric microscopic laws by means of a typicality argument based on special initial conditions. This demand for a special initial condition thrusts the origin of time asymmetry back in time towards the beginning of the universe. In this context, we discuss how modern cosmology seeks to explain the origin of time directionality via a time-symmetric one past \u2013 two futures scenario where the Big Bang provides merely a special instant, a Janus point, in an otherwise eternal universe. Professor Omri Barak (Technion) Title Understanding the brain with models we don’t understand Abstract I will present the common manner in which computational models are used in neuroscience, and then an alternative that combines machine learning, reverse engineering and dynamical systems.\u00a0The talk will touch upon questions such as “What defines a good model?”, “How should we compare models to data?” and more. Dr. Alik Pelman (Technion), Dr.Alon\u00a0Shepon (TAU), Dr.Jerke de Vries (Van Hall Larenstein), Dr.Sigal Teper\u00a0(Tel-Hai) Title What is the Most Environmental (Healthy) Nutrition? Comparing a case study of self-sufficient farming to common industrial alternatives Abstract Providing food security to feed a growing population with reduced environmental impacts and resilient to climate change is an ongoing challenge. Here, we detail a low-input subsistence Mediterranean agroforestry system that is based on traditional annual crop rotation and perennial shrubs and trees and provides adequate nutritional supply with limited labor and using reduced land and on-site water resources. Our records span a 9 year time period in which 0.1 of hectare provided a balanced diet to the producing farmer, in effect closing a full farm-table-farm cycle,\u00a0with no synthetic fertilizers or herbicides and with zero waste. Situated within a semi-arid region that is a climate change \u2018hotspot\u2019 this food system serves as a case study to further examine food production systems that provide healthy diets with lower environmental impacts and greater agrobiodiversity and resilience than conventional industrial farming practices and even organic ones.","og_url":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/courses\/archive-seminars\/","og_site_name":"\u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/courses\/archive-seminars\/","url":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/courses\/archive-seminars\/","name":"\u05d0\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df Seminars (Including recordings of the seminars) - \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/courses\/archive-seminars\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/courses\/archive-seminars\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Seminars (Including recordings of the seminars)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/","name":"\u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/course_cat\/143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/course_cat"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanities.technion.ac.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taxonomies\/course_cat"}]}}

Prof. Catherine Wilson<\/a> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n